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'·~ .. t MASTER PLAN ON TSUNAMI DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION (2009 – 2013) DEPARTMENT OF DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MINISTRY OF INTERIOR INTRODUCTION The deadly and disastrous tsunamis triggered by undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on Sunday, December 26, 2004, with an epicenter off the west cost of Sumatra caused catastrophic damage in several coastal countries bordering Indian Ocean. This tragic incident has been dubbed one of the most destructive natural disaster in the history of mankind. In case of Thailand, this catastrophe tremendously devastated the Andaman Sea coastal communities of 6 southern provinces and claimed many thousands of life both Thai ad foreigners as well as causing tremendous material and economic losses. Many experts have contended that the lack of disaster – warning system and a general lack of preparedness were responsible for the high death toll and tremendous material and economic losses. It has been assessed that the recurrence of tsunamis devastation is likely in Thailand. The assessment has been based on Thailand. The assessment has been based on Thailand’s location within the active fault line zones with the greatest potential for the tsunami – generated undersea earthquakes which include Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesian fault lines, Andaman and Nicobar fault lines or the Philippine fault system. These seismic fault lines are capable of producing distant tsunamis which possibly make landfall on both Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand coastal regions. So as to be well – prepared to prevent and mitigate the disastrous effects of potential tsunamis and to foster integrated and collaborative efforts among agencies concerned in handling tsunami emergency, Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior, hired Pangy Consultants Co. Ltd. To conduct a study and develop Master Plan on Tsunami Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. On 24 March 2009, the Cabinet approved this master plan to be used as framework and guideline for achieving the aforementioned purposes. Department o Disaster Prevention and Mitigation highly anticipates that this master plan will effectively facilitate the preparedness arrangement and concerted efforts of all stakeholders in preventing and mitigating the deadly impact of tsunamis, and eventually minimizing the loss of life and property of the people and the government assets. MASTER PLAN MASTER PLAN ON TSUNAMI DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION (2009 – 2013) DEPARTMENT OF DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION MINISTRY OF INTERIOR INTRODUCTION The deadly and disastrous tsunamis triggered by undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on Sunday, December 26, 2004, with an epicenter off the west cost of Sumatra caused catastrophic damage in several coastal countries bordering Indian Ocean. This tragic incident has been dubbed one of the most destructive natural disaster in the history of mankind. In case of Thailand, this catastrophe tremendously devastated the Andaman Sea coastal communities of 6 southern provinces and claimed many thousands of life both Thai and foreigners as well as causing tremendous material and economic losses. Many experts have contended that the lack of disaster – warning system and a general lack of preparedness were responsible for the high death toll and tremendous material and economic losses. It has been assessed that the recurrence of tsunamis devastation is likely in Thailand. The assessment has been based on Thailand’s location within the active fault line zones with the greatest potential for the tsunami – generated undersea earthquakes which include Pacific Ring of Fire, Indonesian fault lines, Andaman and Nicobar fault lines or the Philippine fault system. These seismic fault lines are capable of producing distant tsunamis which possibly make landfall on both Andaman Sea and Gulf of Thailand coastal regions. So as to be well – prepared to prevent and mitigate the disastrous effects of potential tsunamis and to foster integrated and collaborative efforts among agencies concerned in handling tsunami emergency, Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior, hired Panya Consultants Co. Ltd. to conduct a study and develop Master Plan on Tsunami Disaster Prevention and Mitigation. On 24 March 2009, the Cabinet approved this master plan to be used as framework and guideline for achieving the aforementioned purposes. Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation highly anticipates that this master plan will effectively facilitate the preparedness arrangement and concerted efforts of all stakeholders in preventing and mitigating the deadly impact of tsunamis, and eventually minimizing the loss of life and property of the people and the government assets. Table of Contents Introduction Background and Study Guideline 1. Background 2. Study Guideline 2.1 Analysis of Tsunami Occurrence and It’s Impact on Thailand 2.2 Identification of Risk Areas and Level of Intensity 2.3 Collection of Data Relevant to Warning Tower, Safety Area and Evacuation Route 2.4 Guideline for Disaster Management Improvement Chapter 1 Tsunami Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Strategy 1. Principle and Rationale 2. Conceptual Framework 3. Principle and Guideline for Tsunami Disaster Prevention and Mitigation in the Next 5 years Chapter 2 Master Plan on Tsunami Disaster Prevention and Mitigation 1. Mission 2. Vision 3. Objective 4. Target 5. Strategic Issue, Tactic and Key Activity 1st Strategic Issue : Prevention and Impact Reduction 2nd Strategic Issue : Tsunami Preparedness 3rd Strategic Issue : Tsunami Emergency Management 4th Strategic Issue : Post Tsunami Recovery Chapter 3 Guideline for Translating Plan into Concrete Practice, Mechanism, and Monitoring and Evaluation 1. Translation of Master Plan into Concrete Practice 2. Procedure for Conversion of Master Plan to Action Plan 3. Mechanism for Converting Master Plan into Action Plan 4. Monitoring and Evaluation Chapter 4 Recommendations Demanding Immediate Action Annex Annex A : - List of Areas at Risk from Tsunami along Andaman Sea Coast - List of Areas at Risk from Tsunami along Gulf of Thailand Coast Annex B : - Maps of Potential Tsunami – Affected Areas along Andaman Sea Coast - Maps of Potential Tsunami – Affected Areas along Gulf of Thailand Coast Annex C : List of Collaborated Agencies INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND AND STUDY GUIDELINE 1. BACKGROUND The powerful and destructive tsunami triggered by underwater earthquake measured at 9.3 on Richter scale on 26 December, 2004 caused disastrous consequences in many countries bordering Indian Ocean. It killed approximately 230,000 people including missing, and left behind incalculable economic losses. In Thailand, hundreds of coastal community were severely devastated by this unprecedented natural disaster. It claimed more than 8,000 lives of both Thai and foreigners including missings and maimed 8,475 people. In addition, 58,550 people or 12,815 families were affected, 4,806 houses were destroyed, and the loss of livelihood physical assets were worth approximately 14,491 million Baht. Though Thailand was able to handle post tsunami situation well enough, its disaster management practices reflected some weaknesses which required immediate improvements. These improvements will put preparedness in place beforehand and strengthen and enhance the capacity of all sectors of the society to counter the potential tsunami and to reduce the potential losses. In addition, the tenth National Economic and Social Development (2007 - 2011) gives priority to the formulation of comprehensive disaster management plan which encompasses all phases of disaster managements cycle. Further, it as well highlights long – terms disaster prevention programme, the development of early – warning system and a provision of immediate relief assistance. Thus, Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation hired Panya Consultants Co. Ltd. to conduct a study on master plan on tsunami disaster prevention and mitigation formulation project. This master plan will provide guidelines and framework within which agencies are able to perform the task in a concerted manner and in line with National Civil Defence Plan 2005 (now replaced by National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan (2010 – 2014) and the tenth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2007 – 2011). The six – month time frame for a study started from July 25, 2006 to January 2007.