Balkan Regional platform for youth participation and dialogue YOUTH CULTURAL PARTICIPATION IN THE BALKANS Research study prepared by the research team led by Jasna Milošević Đorđević, Pavle Pavlović December, 2017 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the European Association for Local Democracy – ALDA and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. CONTENTS Tables ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 Figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 6 1.1. Cultural participation: conceptual and hypothetical framework ................................................. 6 1.2. Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Desk analysis ....................................................................................................................................... 10 2.1. European (supranational) level ................................................................................................... 10 EU Culture Programs ........................................................................................................................... 13 2.2. Regional level .............................................................................................................................. 15 2.3. National level .............................................................................................................................. 17 3. Secondary Analysis .............................................................................................................................. 32 3.1. The Indicator Framework on Culture and Democracy (IFCD) ..................................................... 32 3.2. Bosnia and Herzegovina .............................................................................................................. 34 3.3. Kosovo* ....................................................................................................................................... 36 3.4. Montenegro ................................................................................................................................ 36 3.5. FYR Macedonia ............................................................................................................................ 38 3.6. Serbia .......................................................................................................................................... 39 4. Survey analysis .................................................................................................................................... 41 4.1. Socio-demographic characteristics of respondents .................................................................... 41 4.2. Perception of the surroundings and the environment in relation to culture ............................. 43 4.3. Cultural needs ............................................................................................................................. 46 4.4. Cultural participation .................................................................................................................. 50 4.5. Media and Youth ......................................................................................................................... 55 4.6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 57 5. Focus Group Discusion ........................................................................................................................ 59 5.1. Habits in spending free time ....................................................................................................... 60 5.2. Cultural reception ....................................................................................................................... 61 5.3. Cultural production ..................................................................................................................... 64 5.4. Causes for cultural participation of youth .................................................................................. 65 5.5. Information sources .................................................................................................................... 66 2 5.6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 66 6. Interview with stakeholders ............................................................................................................... 68 6.1. Profiles of interviewers and covered sector ............................................................................... 68 6.2. Personal perception .................................................................................................................... 69 6.3. Legislative background and institutional efficiency .................................................................... 70 6.4. The role of Youth in the field of culture ...................................................................................... 72 6.5. Cultural offer and cultural participation ..................................................................................... 73 6.6. Comparison with EU .................................................................................................................... 74 6.7. Current situation in culture ......................................................................................................... 75 6.8. Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 77 Recommendation ........................................................................................................................................ 78 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................ 82 Tables Table 1: Characteristics of the Focus Group Discussion ............................................................................. 60 Table 2: Characteristics of the Interview with stakeholders ...................................................................... 68 Figures Figure 1: Relation between Democracy and Cuture ................................................................................... 33 Figure 2: Relation between Economy and Culture ..................................................................................... 33 Figure 3: Relation between Cultural Infrastructure and Cultural Participation.......................................... 34 Figure 4: Gender ......................................................................................................................................... 41 Figure 5: Education ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Figure 6: Place of residence ........................................................................................................................ 42 Figure 7: Connections with surroundings (mean differences) .................................................................... 43 Figure 8: Level of interest for cultural content (mean differences) ............................................................ 44 Figure 9: Connections with surroundings in urban and non-urban societies (mean differences) ............. 45 Figure 10: Level of interest for cultural content in urban and non-urban societies (mean differences) ... 45 Figure 11: Free time of respondents (multiple answers) ............................................................................ 47 Figure 12: Importance of culture (mean differences) ................................................................................. 48 3 Figure 13: Adequacy of cultural offer (mean differences) .......................................................................... 49 Figure 14: How satisfied are you with the cultural life in the city where you study (mean differences) ... 49 Figure 15: Needs that you usually renounce (mean differences) ............................................................... 50 Figure 16: Level of cultural participation (mean differences)..................................................................... 51 Figure 17: Cultural participation ................................................................................................................. 52 Figure 18: Main reasons for poor cultural participation ............................................................................. 53 Figure 19: What are you reading most? ..................................................................................................... 54 Figure 20: Cultural production in last year ................................................................................................. 55 Figure 21: Ways of informing about