STUD lA ISL INDONESIAN JOURNAL FOR ISLAMIC STUDIES• Volume I, Number 2, 1994 ISLAM AND PARTY POLITICS IN RURAL JAVA Bambang Pranowo THE ROLE OF ISLAM IN INDONESIAN AND ALGERIAN HISTORY: A Comparative Analysis Johan H. Meuleman GUARDING THE FAITH OF THE UMMAH: Religio-lntellectual Journey of Mohammad Rasjidi Azyumardi Azra I.SSN 0215-{)492 STUDL\ ISLAMIKA Indonesian Journal for Islamic Studies Volume I, No.2, 1994 EDITORIAL BOARD: Harun Nasution Mastubu M. Quraisb Shibab A Aziz Dahlan M. Satria Effendi Nabilab Lubis M. Yunan Yusuf Komaruddin Hidayat Dien Syamsuddin Muslim Nasution Wabtb Mu 'tht EDITOR IN CHIEF: Azyumardi Azra EDITORS: Saiful Muzani Hendro Prasetyo johan H. Meuleman NurulFajri BadriYatim AsSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR: ArifSubban Much/is Ainurraflk ENGUSH L\NGUAGE ADVISOR: judith M. Dent COVER DESIGNER: S. Prinka SruDIA Isl.AMIKA (ISSN 0215-0492) is a Journal published quarterly by /nstitut Agama Islam Negeri (WN, The State Institute for Islamic Studies) Syarif Hidayatullah,Jakarta, (STI DEPPEN No. 129/SKi'Dl'IJEN/PPG;STI/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. It specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate original researches and current issues on the subject. This journal wannly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. All articles published do not necessarily represent the views of the journal, or other institutions to which it is affiliated. They are solely the views of the authors. ----- Bibliographic Survey Muhammadiyah: A Preliminary Study A.R. Sukrianta & Abdul Munir ant collection for the purpose Malkhan [sic.], Perkembangan of tracing the development of Pemikiran Muhammadiyah dari Muhammadiyah thought.~ Masa ke Masa: Menyambut Muk­ tamar ke-41 [The Development A.R. Sukriyanto & Abdul Mu­ of Muhammadiyah Thought in nir Mulkhan (eds.). Pergumulan History: Welcoming the 41st Pemikiran dalam Muhammad­ National Congress], Introduc­ iyah [The Struggle of Islamic tion by K.H. A.R. Fakhruddin Thought in Muhammadiyah] (Y ogyakarta: Dua Dimensi, (Y ogyakarta: Sipress 1990), xii + 1985), xvi+323 pp., no bibliog­ 321pp., no bibliography, no raphy, no notes, no index. notes, no index. A collection of important and A collection of 27 articles by rare documets that reflect the a number of leading Indonesian development of Muhammadi­ Muslim intellectuals both Mu­ yah thought from its establish­ hammadiyah and non Muha­ ment to the present time. Some mmadiyah members such as of the documents are writings Soedjatmoko, Ahmad Syafi'i or speeches of important leaders Ma'arif, Kuntowijoyo, M. of Muhammadiyah, such as Ah­ Amien Rais, Ahmad Watik mad Dahlan, M.J. Anies, H.M. Pratiknya, A.R. Fakhruddin Farid and H.M. Rasjidi. The and Ahmad Azhar Basyir. The rest are official papers of Muha­ book consists of six parts, co­ mmadiyah concerning various vering various aspects of Mu­ religious, social and political hammadiyah: firstly, the posi­ issues. The editors present all tion of Muhammadiyah in the the documents without com­ light of problems faced by reli­ ment; they have simply gions in Indonesia, particularly arranged them in chronological Islam; secondly, Muhammad­ order. This is indeed an import- iyah's independency and crea- 187 Studia l<lamika Vol. !, No. 2, 1994 188 Bihltograpbic S11rvey tive activities; thirdly, Muham­ rality and the Problem of Po­ madiyah's intellectual and orga­ verty" by Adi Sasono; "The Ro­ nizational perspectives as an le of Muhammadiyah in Natio­ Islamic movement; fourthly, nal Movements and Its Poten­ Muhammadiyah's agenda in tial Role in the Future" by today's Indonesia; fifthly, Mu­ Roeslan Abdoelgani, former hammadiyah's leadership; and Minister of Foreign Affairs; fol­ sixthly, the reorientation of lowed by response to Abdulga­ Muhammadiyah for reinvigo­ ni's article by Alfian; "The Role ration ...a. of Muhammadiyah in the Light of Challenges faced by the In­ Abdulgani, Ruslan. et al, Cita donesian Nation before the dan Citra Muhammadiyah [Ide­ Economic Take-Off" by Suhar­ als and Images of Muham­ diman; and lastly "The Muham­ madiyah] (Jakarta: Pustaka madiyah Educational System as Panjimas, 1985), xv+ 107, no seen from an Islamic Perspec­ bibliography, no notes, no in­ tive". This book lacks compre­ dex. hensiveness, some articles seem­ ing to have little connection to This book is compiled by others ...a. three young Muhammadiyah activists from nine articles writ­ Arifin, M.T., Gagasan Pembaha· ten by Muhammadiyah mem­ ruan Muhammadiyah [Muham­ bers and outside observers. madiyah's Reformist Ideas] (Ja­ These articles are "Tajdid [Re­ karta: Pustaka Jaya, 1987), newal] Ideals and Social Rea­ 275pp., incl. bibliography, with lities" by M. Yunan Yusuf; notes, no index. "The Background of Reforms in Islam" by Professor Harun The exact title of this book, Nasution, former President of as printed on p. 2, is Gagasan the State Institute of Islamic Pembaharuan Muhammadiyah Studies {lAIN) Jakarta; "The dalam Pendidikan [Muham­ Issue of Reforms in Islam and madiyah · Reformist Ideas on the Reformulation of the Muha­ Education]. The book is based mmadiyah Tajdid Today" by on the author's research and he Ahmad Syafi'i Ma'arif; "The devotes 14 pages to explaining Course of Muhammadiyah Co­ his research methodologies. mmitment to Reform" hy This work consists of seven Chusnan Yusuf; "Religious Mo- chapters. Chapter one, the in- Studia Islamik" Vol. 1, No. 2, 1994 Muhammadi)•ah: A Prelimi'"''Y Study 18~ traduction, explains the au­ discusses Muhammadiyah in thor's methodologies in rese­ relation to a wide array of so­ arching his topics; chapter two ciological and political factors discusses "Islamization in Java" that have worked to shape In­ from early times up to the pe­ donesian society as a whole. riod of Dutch rule; chapter This book is divided into six three describes the biography of sections: 1. Introduction; 2. The Ahmad Dahlan, the founder of ideology of Muhammadiyah re­ Muhammadiyah; chapter four forms and cultural change in deals with the main themes of colonial Indonesia; 3. Political Muhammadiyah reforms; chap­ emancipation of Islam in the ter five discusses the "dualism" Indonesian revolution and the of the Dutch educational sys­ position of Muhammadiyah in tem, i.e. religious education and the political processes; 4. Mu­ secular Western education; hammadiyah and the politics of chapter six deals with Muham­ Indonesian Islamic panics; 5. madiyah efforts and activities in Muhammadiyah between con­ reforming that dualism in edu­ tinuity and change; 6. A reflect­ cation; and the final chapter is ion on the future of Muham­ the conclusion. This is a fine madiyah. This work is a good work. The author assists the account of Muhammadiyah du­ readers by providing footnotes ring Indonesian political cha­ throughout the book.-.1\ nges throughout its long and rich history.-.1\ Arifin, M.T., Muhammadiyah: Potret yang Berubah [Muham­ Asrofie, M. Yusron, Kiyai Haji madiyah: A Changing Portrait] Ahmad Dahlan, Pemikiran dan (Surakarta': Institut Gelanggang Kepemimpinannya [Kiyai Haji Pernikiran Filsafat Sosial Buda­ Ahmad Dahlan, His Thought ya dan Kependidikan, 1990), and Leadership], introduction vii+ 446, with endnotes and by A.R. Fakhruddin, Chairman bibliography, no index. of Muhammadiyah Central Co­ mmittee (Y ogyakarta: Y ogya­ This substantial work, as karta Offset, 1983), xii + 118, claimed by its author, is in­ with bibliography and foot­ tended to be reassessment of notes, no index. Muhammadiyah's history and its position in Indonesia histo­ This is a fine biographical ac­ ry. For this purpose the author count of Ahmad Dahlan, the Studia Jslamik" 2, Vol. I, 1994 190 Bihliographic Srm;ey founder of Muhammadiyah. It ble because of the need to act in was originally written as the situations which are new or author's masters thesis and was unique. This work is particular­ submitted to the State Institute ly devoted to explicating the of Islamic Studies (lAIN), Yog­ way in which the T arjih Board yakarta. The author is fairly of Muhammadiyah carries out successful in presenting the fi­ ijtihads; What is its .methodo­ gure of Ahmad Dahlan in the logy? Is there a relationship broader context of the develop­ between the ijtihad of Muham­ ments of Islam in Indonesia and madiyah and certain Islamic the Islamic world. Therefore legal schools? In order to ans­ this work is an important wer these questions, the author source of basic information for consider several contemporary further research on the life of cases, which have no preced­ the founder of Muhammadiyah. ence in early and medieval Is­ ~ lam, such as genetical engi­ neering, family planning, invit­ Djamil, Fathurrahman, "Ijtihad ro fertilization and bank inte­ Muhammmadiyah dalam Masa­ rest. He then analyzes how lah-masalah Fiqh Kontempo­ Muhammadiyah addresses these rer" [The Ijtihad of Muham­ questions through its ijtihad.e.G\ rnadiyah in Contemporary Fiqh I.N. Soebagijo, K.H. Mas Man­ Problems], (Jakarta, doctoral sur, Pembaharu Islam di Indone­ dissertation, the State Institute sia [K.H. Mas Mansur, an of Islamic Studies (lAIN), 1994}, Islamic Reformer in Indonesia] v+259+ llpp., with bibliogra­ (Jakarta: Gunung Agung, 1982), phy and footnotes, no index. vii+ 175, no bibliography, with some footnotes, with index. Ijtihad is one of the most important methods of Islamic This is an "original" biogra­ reform. It refers to the utmost phical work on Kiyai Haji Mas efforts by Muslim scholars to Mansur, the chairman of the provide legal decisions on Muhammadiyah Central Com­ various questions which are not mittee, elected at the 29th covered by the Qur' an and had National Congress in 1940. The 1th. The author argues that, author narrates the life of Mas with respect to Muhammadiyah Mansur during his childhood, reformism, it is clear that ijtihad youth and aduhhuutl, and his is always necessary and inevita- involvement in Muhammadi- Smdia Tslamika Vol. /, No. 2, 1994 Muhammadiyah: A flrelimir~<~ry St~dy 191 yah. But this book is more than bridge the gap between the two simply a description of Mas largest Muslim organi-zations in Mansur's life.