Status and prospect of soil information in south- eastern Europe: soil databases, projects and applications Edited by: Tomislav Hengl, Panos Panagos, Arwyn Jones and Gergely Tóth Institute for Environment and Sustainability 2007 EUR 22646 EN The mission of the Institute for Environment and Sustainability is to provide scientific and technical support to the Euro- pean Union’s policies for protecting the environment and the EU Strategy for Sustainable Development. European Commission Directorate-General Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability Contact information Address: TP Box 280 JRC Via E. Fermi 1, 21020 ISPRA (VA) Italy E-mail: [email protected] Tel.: +39-0332-785535 Fax: +39-0332-786394 http://eusoil.jrc.ec.europa.eu http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Legal Notice Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commis- sion is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication. A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server: http://europa.eu EUR 22646 EN ISBN 978-92-79-04972-9 ISSN 1018-5593 Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities © European Communities, 2007 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged Printed in Italy Table of contents: I. The JRC Workshop on strengthening research networks in south-eastern Europe in support of soil protection policies ________ 5 I.1 Backgrounds___________________________________________________________________________________ 5 I.2 Day#1: Overview of soil information and soil protection ________________________________________________ 6 I.3 Day#2: Soil Data Centre and Digital Soil Mapping_____________________________________________________ 8 I.4 Conclusions ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9 II. Land and soil resources of Albania: current problems and future trends___________________________________________ 11 II.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________________________ 11 II.2 Land Tenure and Agrarian Reform ________________________________________________________________ 11 II.3 Soil Mapping and Soil Classification_______________________________________________________________ 12 II.4 Soil fertility trends and management _______________________________________________________________ 15 II.5 Land Use ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16 II.6 Land Evaluation and Soil Suitability _______________________________________________________________ 18 II.7 Natural resources conservation and management _____________________________________________________ 19 II.8 Trends and Development Perspectives _____________________________________________________________ 21 III. Land and hydrological potential of Bosnia and Herzegovina ___________________________________________________ 25 III.1 Agriculture production zones_____________________________________________________________________ 25 III.2 Preferential land resources of B&H ________________________________________________________________ 27 III.3 Hydrographic characteristics _____________________________________________________________________ 28 III.4 Hydrological balance ___________________________________________________________________________ 29 IV. Overview of soil information and soil protection policies in Bulgaria____________________________________________ 33 IV.1 Soil-resource-related institutions in Bulgaria_________________________________________________________ 33 IV.2 Sources of soil information ______________________________________________________________________ 34 IV.3 Soil studies ___________________________________________________________________________________ 34 IV.4 Application of soil information ___________________________________________________________________ 37 IV.5 Information for soil physical and chemical degradation status ___________________________________________ 39 IV.6 Integration in European soil databases projects _______________________________________________________ 39 IV.7 Soil protection policy ___________________________________________________________________________ 39 V. Croatian Soil Information System within the Environment Information System ____________________________________ 43 V.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________________________ 43 V.2 Developed databases ___________________________________________________________________________ 45 V.3 Croatian Soil information system (CROSIS)_________________________________________________________ 47 V.4 Established databases ___________________________________________________________________________ 48 V.5 Conclusion ___________________________________________________________________________________ 52 VI. Overview of soil information and soil protection policies in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia_______________ 55 VI.1 The general context ____________________________________________________________________________ 55 VI.2 Threats against soils ____________________________________________________________________________ 57 VI.3 Policy _______________________________________________________________________________________ 61 VI.4 Environmental management and access to information_________________________________________________ 61 VI.5 Outlook______________________________________________________________________________________ 62 VII. Overview of soil information and soil protection polices in Greece _____________________________________________ 63 VII.1 1 Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________ 63 VII.2 Soil Information Systems (SIS) ___________________________________________________________________ 66 VII.3 Use of Data Bases and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) ________________________________________ 67 VII.4 Soil protection polices in Greece __________________________________________________________________ 70 VII.5 Conclusions and recommendations ________________________________________________________________ 72 VIII. Overview of soil information and soil protection policies in Hungary __________________________________________ 77 VIII.1 Introduction __________________________________________________________________________________ 77 VIII.2 Hungarian Soil Information and Monitoring System (TIM) _____________________________________________ 78 VIII.3 Institutional organization of soil information ________________________________________________________ 83 VIII.4 Conclusions __________________________________________________________________________________ 84 IX. Overview of soil information and policies in Serbia __________________________________________________________ 87 IX.1 Geographic Characteristics ______________________________________________________________________ 87 IX.2 Soil Survey ___________________________________________________________________________________ 88 IX.3 Soil Databases ________________________________________________________________________________ 91 IX.4 Soil monitoring________________________________________________________________________________ 95 IX.5 Legal and institutional framework for soil management ________________________________________________ 96 IX.6 Outlook______________________________________________________________________________________ 97 X. Overview of soil information and soil protection policies in Slovenia ___________________________________________ 101 X.1 Slovenia in general____________________________________________________________________________ 101 X.2 Soil legislation in Slovenia______________________________________________________________________ 103 X.3 Procedure of soil pollution assessment ____________________________________________________________ 106 X.4 Data availability ______________________________________________________________________________ 108 X.5 Future actions ________________________________________________________________________________ 109 XI. Danube basin Soil database ____________________________________________________________________________ 111 XI.1 1 Introduction ________________________________________________________________________________ 111 XI.2 3 Structure of Georeferenced Soil database _________________________________________________________ 113 XI.3 Structure of Danube basin soil database ___________________________________________________________ 114 XI.4 Soils in the Danube river basin __________________________________________________________________ 116 XII. SPADE2: The soil profile analytical database for Europe ____________________________________________________ 121 XII.1 Background SPADE-1 _________________________________________________________________________ 121 XII.2 SPADE-2 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 122 XII.3 SPADE-2 data structure ________________________________________________________________________ 125 XIII. Digital Soil Mapping at work: interpolation of soil parameters for the Danube river basin _________________________ 129 XIII.1 Backgrounds_________________________________________________________________________________ 129 XIII.2 Methods and materials _________________________________________________________________________ 130 XIII.3 Project phases________________________________________________________________________________