Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament • 2. Reihe Herausgegeben von Martin Hengel und Otfried Hofius 81 The Mission Discourse in Matthew's Interpretation by Eung Chun Park J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Park, Eung Chun: The mission discourse in Matthew's interpretation / by Eung Chun Park. - Tübingen: Mohr, 1995 (Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament: Reihe 2; 81) ISBN 978-3-16-146509-3 NE: Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testament / 02 © 1995 by J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), P.O. Box 2040,72010 Tübingen. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher's written permission. This applies particularly to repro- ductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was printed by Guide-Druck in Tübingen on acid-free paper from Papierfabrik Niefern and bound by Heinr. Koch in Tübingen. Printed in Germany. ISSN 0340-9570 Preface The following study is a revised version of my Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Humanities at the University of Chicago in 1991. Special thanks are due to Prof. Hans Dieter Betz, whose advice played a major role in every stage of the formation of this project. In fact, my interest in the study of the Gospel of Matthew was first stimulated by the Shaffer Lecture on the Sermon on the Mount which Prof. Betz deliv- ered at Yale University in 1985 when I was a student there. My subse- quent study at the University of Chicago under the mentorship of Prof. Betz was indeed a great privilege in my educational career. A substantial portion of the exegesis in this study is devoted to the comparison of the Matthean text with Greek philosophy and literature with special attention to the Cynic philosophers and to the Hippocratic litera- ture. For that matter, Prof. Elizabeth Asmis of the Dept. of Classics at the University of Chicago should be credited for her helpful suggestions. I am also grateful to Professors Martin Hengel and Otfried Hofius of Tübingen for accepting this monograph for publication in the Wissenschaftliche Un- tersuchungen zum Neuen Testament series. I regret that my father, the late Rev. Young Hwan Park, did not live to see this first fruit that has grown out of the seed that he had planted in me a long time ago. My mother, Mrs. Jung Soon Chung, watered the plant with unceasing prayers, together with my brother, Rev. Ung Tai Park, my two sisters, In Sun and Hye Kyung, and their families. My colleagues and my students at McCormick Theological Seminary in Chicago and at Pres- byterian Theological Seminary in Seoul also helped me to enjoy what I was doing as a New Testament scholar. Finally, my deep appreciation goes to my family. My son, Eui-Sun, and my daughter, Eun-Gyul, greatly contributed to this project mostly by letting their daddy work on the stuff in which they had no interest at all in the evening hours which he could otherwise have spent playing with them. My wife, Young Hee Kim, showed unconditional love for me as well as unwavering support for what I was pursuing. This often meant much sac- rifice on her part, and therefore she also deserves her share of the authorial joy of smelling the fresh ink from the newly printed book. To her this book is dedicated. Seoul, September 1995 Eung Chun Park Table of Contents Preface iii List of Abbreviation vii Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1. Problems, Methodology, and Hypothesis 1 2. Statement of Hypothesis 8 3. History of Scholarship 9 Chapter 2. Establishment of the Text 32 1. Delimitation of the Text: Mt 9:35-11:1 32 1. History of Text Division 32 2. External Indicators 38 3. Internal Indications 40 2. Textual Criticism 42 Chapter 3. Literary Analysis of the Text 61 1. Literary Analysis of the Text: Mt 9:35-11:1 63 2. Literary Analysis of the Synoptic Parallels 70 1. Literary Analysis of Mk 6:6b-13 70 2. Literary Analysis of Lk 9:1-6 72 3. Literary Analysis of Lk 10:1-20 73 Chapter 4. The Interpretation of the Text 80 1. Narrative Introduction (9:35-10:4) 80 1. Introduction I (9:35-38) 80 2. Introduction II (10:1-4) 84 2. Mission Charge (10:5-42) 90 1. Opening Remark (10:5a) 91 2. Mission Instructions (10:5b-15) 93 3. Dangers of the Missionaries (10:16-33) 126 4. Sayings about Discipleship (10:34-39) 152 5. Promise of Eschatological Rewards (10:40-42) 157 3. Narrative Conclusion (11:1) 163 Chapter 5. Matthew's Theology of Mission 167 1. The Motif of Development in Mt 167 2. Tension between Particularism and Universalism in Mt 169 3. The Gentile Orientation in Mt 178 Chapter 6. Conclusion 187 Bibliography 192 Indices 204 List of Abbreviations Bauer-Aland Walter Bauer, Griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch zu den Schriften des Neuen Testaments und der früh- christlichen Literatur. 6th ed. herausgegeben von Kurt Aland und Barbara Aland, Berlin & New York: Walter de Gruyter, 1988. BAGD Bauer-Arndt-Gingrich-Danker, A Greek-English Lexi- con of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature 2nd ed. Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1979. Blass-Debrunner Friedrich Blass & Albert Debrunner, Grammatik des neutestamentlichen Griechisch. 15th ed. Bearbeitet von Friedrich Rehkopf, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Rupre- cht, 1979; ET, A Greek Grammar of the New Testa- ment and Other Early Christian Literature, tr. Robert. W. Funk, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly ET English Translation HTR Harvard Theological Review IDB The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible JBL Journal of Biblical Studies JJS Journal of Jewish Studies JSNT Journal for the Study of the New Testament JR Journal of Religion JTS Journal of Theological Studies Liddell-Scott H. G. Liddell & R. Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon. 9th rev. ed. by H. S. Jones, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, 1940. Nestle-Aland27 K. Aland et al., ed. Novum Testamentum Graece. 27th ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993. Nestle-Aland26 K. Aland et al., ed. Novum Testamentum Graece. 26th ed. 4th rev. printing. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1981. Nestle-Aland25 K. Aland et al., ed. Novum Testamentum Graece. 25th ed. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1968. NTS New Testament Studies NovTest Novum Testamentum viii List of Abbreviations RAC Theodor Klauser, et al. ed., Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum: Sachwörterbuch zur Auseinandersetzung des Christentums mit der antiken Welt. Stuttgart: Hiersemann Verlag, von 1950 an. SQE13 K. Aland, Synopsis Quattuor Evangeliorum. 13th rev. ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1985. Strack-Billerbeck Strack, L., & P., Billerbeck. Das Evangelium nach Matthäus erläutert aus Talmud und Midrasch. München: C.H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1926. ThWNT Gerhard Kittel, ed., Theologisches Wörterbuch zum Neuen Testament. Stuttgart, Berlin, Köln, & Mainz: Kohlhammer Verlag, 1933-79; ET, Theological Dic- tionary of the New Testament (TDNT). tr. & ed. by G. Bromiley. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm B. Eerdmans Pub- lishing Co., 1964-76. UBS4 K. Aland, et al., The Greek New Testament. 4'h ed. Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993. UBS3 K. Aland, et al., The Greek New Testament. 3r<i ed. London: United Bible Society, 1975. WUNT Wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zum Neuen Testa- ment ZNW Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft und die Kunde der älteren Kirche ZThK Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche Chapter I. Introduction 1. Problems, Methodology, and Hypothesis Mt's gospel has been known as a Jewish-Christian gospel. The author shows his acquaintance with matters that are Jewish. Much of Jewish Christian theology lies in the old traditions that Mt preserves. It is no ac- cident, therefore, that it served as a basis for some of the apocryphal Jew- ish-Christian gospels.1 It is in such a context that Mt's gospel also shows a fundamental openness to the gentiles, which is contrary to the exclusive tendency of the old Jewish-Christian tradition preserved in it.2 In that sense, one can say that Mt seems to have a dialectical relation with his Jewish-Christian sources. That is to say, Mt's theology has its root in Jewish-Christianity, but it no longer stays within it. The old Jew- ish-Christian traditions preserved in his gospel are given a new vantage point through which they are to be reinterpreted. With this new vantage point, the theological horizon of the gospel is greatly expanded far beyond that of the old Jewish-Christian traditions. Since this expansion of the theological scope is closely connected to Mt's view of the gentile mission, it is his treatment of the development of the mission scope that most clearly reveals his theological concerns. That is why the Mission Discourse in the Gospel of Mt is crucial for the inter- pretation of the entire gospel. The Mission Discourse3 in Mt 9:35-11:1 is the second of the five great discourses in the Gospel of Matthew. It contains a set of instructions 1 M. Hengel, "Zur matthäischen Bergpredigt und ihrem jüdischen Hintergrund," Theologische Rundschau 52 (1987), 327-400. See 341-47. 2 Concerning this matter, Hengel succinctly says (Ibid.,346), "Der unbekannte Autor des 1 .Evangeliums ist - darin Paulus vergleichbar - ein Wanderer zwischen zwei Welten. Er hat vermutlich eine palästinisch-jüdische schriftgelehrte 'Grundausbildung' erhalten und versteht sich selbst, in schroffer Antithese zu den jüdisch-pharisäischen 'Weisen1, als christlicher 'Schriftgelehrter'..." 3 The term "discourse" is meant to refer to the entire section of 9:35-11:1, which covers both the narrative sections and the instructions proper. The final redactor Matthew does not call the section Aoyoi (Cf. 7:28, 19:1, 20:1).