VolumeInternational II Number Journal 2 2011 for [1-7] Environmen tal Rehabilitation and Conservation Volume[ISSN 0975 II No. - 6272] 2 2011 [1-7] Charde[ISSN et al.0975 - 6272] Histopathological effect of testosterone propionate on male and hydroxyl progesterone caproate on female rain quail, Coturnix coromandelica. Pravin Charde1, Jyoti Ramteke1 and Suresh Zade2 Received: January 2, 2011 ⏐ Accepted: July 3, 2011 ⏐ Online: October 20, 2011 Abstract Introduction Quails are almost tailless patridge like bird Adult rain quail are sexually diamorphic. The popularly known as “Batter”, belonging to the aim of this study was to determine the effect class Aves and family Phasianidae. Batter is of testosterone propionate and hydroxyl a good table bird known for its delicacy since progesterone caproate on gonads and some olden days. They are used as food before other endocrine glands of male and female chicken was domesticated. Meat is rich in rain quail. 15 male and 15 female rain quails vitamins, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acid were treated with testosterone and etc., which are very vital for health of human progesterone daily for 7 and 15 days being. Quail meat therefore can be respectively. The study reveals that after the recommended to be included in diet of treatment of testosterone, the spermatogonia children, pregnant mother and convalescent were detached and show hypertrophy as well patient for speedy recovery. as the germ cells were enlarged and vacuolated every degenerates, thyroid and Perusal of literature on quail reproduction reveals that, little is known about these adrenal shows hypertrophy. aspects in exotic and tropical species. The Keywords: Testosterone Propionate ⏐ reason is that more critical experiments have Hydroxyl Progesterone Caproate⏐Sexual not been successfully undertaken in Indian Dimorphism ⏐ Gonads ⏐ Rain Quail. quail species. Studies on these species are confined mainly to the changes in the reproductive organs and rarely endocrine glands during different phases of reproductive For Correspondence: cycle. No experimental studies have been 1Principal, Sevadal Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur- made in these species endocrine glands in 440009 (M.S.) reproduction. Fundamental knowledge of 2 Professor, P.G.T.D. Zoology, Rashtrasant Tukadoji reproductive process and the endocrine Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur (M.S.) mechanism that control process is therefore, Email: [email protected] invisible for profitable management and production of these birds in large scale. The paucity of information on reproduction Histopathological effect of testosterone propionate on male and hydroxyl progesterone caproate on female rain quail, Coturnix coromandelica. 1 Volume II Number 2 2011 [1-7] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Charde et al. endocrinology of Indian quail motivated me were acclimatized in laboratory for at least 2 to undertake this investigation. to 3 weeks. The present study was undertaken on rain The males are divided into four groups quail, Coturnix coromandelica. This bird was of 15 animals each. The ground II and IV are selected for this work because it offers the given intramuscular injection of testosterone advantages of endocrinological works. The propionate 0.15 mg/kg/day for 7 and 15 aim and objective this investigation is to study consecutive days respectively. The I and III the histopathological effect of testosterone group receive equivalent volume of propionate and hydroxy progesterone physiological saline for the same period. For caproate on gonads and other endocrine another experiment 40 female birds were glands and to investigate the mechanism of divided into four groups of 10 birds each. The action of this steroids in both sexes of this group II and IV were given intramuscular Rain quail. injection of hydroxy progesterone caproate In the present study testosterone propionate 0.15 mg/kg/day consecutive for 7 and 15 days and hydroxyl progesterone caproate obtain respectively. The I group and II were used as from German Remedies Limited, Bombay a control and treated with equivalent volume under trademark of Schering AG, West- of physiological saline for the same period. German. Birds of experimental and control groups were weighed before and at the end of the MATERIAL AND METHODS experiments and maintained under same husbandry condition. At the end of each The Indian rain quail C. coromandelica has experimental animals were sacrificed. For been selected for present investigation. Adult histopathological studies reproductive organs quail are sexually dimorphic. Reproductive and endocrine glands were dissected, weighed behaviour is sexually differentiated in quail. and fixed in various fixatives. All endocrine The adult rain quail is about 6½ to 7 inches in glands were fixed in formal sublimate for 24 size (without tail) and body weight is 85 to 90 Hrs. and other tissue were fixed in Bouin’s gms. Temperature, light, floor space, fluid. The tissue were dehydrated in various humidity and feed are most important factors grades of alcohol cleared in xylene and after for good housing and maintenance of quails. embedded in paraffin blocks were prepared. The maximum daily amount of feed given Paraffin sections were cut at 5 to 6 µm was equivalent to 20 to 25% of body weight. thickness. Sections were stained with To identify individual quails from each haematoxyline and eosin. groups, they were marked with numbered aluminium strips using bands. HISTOMORPHOLOGY The rain quail utilized in this study were Testis – The testis consists of compact collected from various places in Nagpur convoluted seminiferous tubules which are district and Amravati district of Maharashtra lined by single or double layer of germinal State. The birds were trap over a period of cells. The tubules are composed of primary four months during October to January and spermatogonia, secondary spermatogonia and consisted of 60 adult males and 40 adult sectoli cells. Further stages of females weighing 70 to 90 gms. Before spermatogenesis such as spermatocytes, commencement of the experiments all birds spermatids and spermatozoa are not observed. Similarly, the sertoli cells are inconspicuous Histopathological effect of testosterone propionate on male and hydroxyl progesterone caproate on female rain quail, Coturnix coromandelica. 2 Volume II Number 2 2011 [1-7] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Charde et al. and regressed. Since, the control males are sacrificed in the month of January which is sexually inactive period in rain quails, the testis have showed regression. In the interfollicular region blood capillaries, connective tissue and regressed Leydig’s cells are present. Figure 2: Photomicrograph of control ovary showing primary follicles and germinal follicles with theca externa, theca interna and interstitial cells. Adrenal gland of rain quail is paired, triangular in shape and yellow or orange in colour. It locates anterior and medial to the cephalic lobe of kidney and posterior to the lungs. It is surrounded by thick capsule which Figure 1: Photomicrograph of control testis is made up of connective tissue. showing convoluted seminiferous tubules with germ cells, sertoli cells and interstitial Pineal gland is present on the dorsal side of cells. the brain in triangular space between Ovary: cerebellum and cerebral hemisphere. Pineal In the rain quail single ovary and oviduct is grain in rain quail is creamisa brown, club- present which is situated on the left side of the shaped conical structure. Pineal gland is cephalic end of kidneys and attached the body composed of lobules and each lobule consists wall by ligament. In rain quail, the ovary of follicles which are separated by contains several primary follicles and blood intralobular septa. haemorrhage. Developing follicles are Thyroid gland of the male and female rain composed of germinal vesicle granulose cells, quail is composed of two separate lobes theca interna and theca externa. Some degree which are reddish in colour, situated on either of atresia is observed at primary follicular side of the trachea in between jugular and stage. Rarely degeneration is visible in large carotid blood vessels. The normal thyroid follicles. gland is encapsulated and composed of well organized compact follicles. Histopathological effect of testosterone propionate on male and hydroxyl progesterone caproate on female rain quail, Coturnix coromandelica. 3 Volume II Number 2 2011 [1-7] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] Charde et al. Parathyroid gland in the rain quail is paired, more pronounced in the fifteen days treated well vascularised and closely attached to the birds. posterior part of the thyroid gland. Adrenal: 7 days after treatment: No significant changes RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were found in the vasculature of the gland. No Pineal: changes were evident in Type II cells while 7 days after treatment: No significant Type I cells showed slight hypertrophy and changes were observed in the vasculature of degradation. pineal gland. Lumen of the follicle was 15 days after treatment: More significant slightly obliterated. Type-I i.e. polygonal cells changes were seen in the internal cells. The shows regression whereas Type-II i.e. tall internal cells shows hypertrophy and were cells shows hypertrophy and degranulation. degranulated and vacuolated. No significant changes were observed in Type II and showed 15 days after treatment: Showed more little hypertrophy as compared to control. pronounced hypertrophy of Type-II i.e. tall columnar cells as compared to 7 days of Testis: testosterone propionate. The cell debris in 7 days