Establishment of the Winnipeg Police Foundation A framework for enhanced success Athabasca University Master of Business Administration Applied Project March 2006 Submitted by: Corrine Scott Project Supervisor: Lee Ann Keple Executive Summary The Winnipeg Police Force was established on February 24, 1874 when its first three members were appointed. The Force’s first Chief of Police, John Ingram, was joined by two constables and together they formed the police force for the City of Winnipeg.1 At the time, Winnipeg was a small community however it was quickly becoming a growing city. Many issues surrounding Canadian society, the City of Winnipeg and policing in general have taken place in the past 132 years. Today, Winnipeg is a major urban center with a population of approximately 633,000, which represents roughly 66% of the population of the province of Manitoba. As the city has grown over the years, so too has the police service. Now, the organization consists of just over 1,500 employees; 1,200 sworn members and 300 civilian staff. This is a substantial change from its meagre beginnings with the three members that first started the ‘force’ in 1874. Today, the Winnipeg Police Service is currently divided into two branches: Operations and Support. Uniform operations personnel respond to calls for service and deal with everyday emergencies. Plainclothes operations personnel (detectives) investigate the more serious crimes and complex long-term investigations. The support branch includes all areas that essentially support operations such as information systems, communications, police records, and training. Routinely, these two branches work together to effectively deliver quality police services to the citizens of Winnipeg. In the current environment, the Winnipeg Police Service like many other organizations is faced with a limited amount of financial and resource funding. At the same time there is a continued pressure put on the organization to provide more in the way of services. The phrase ‘do more with less’ is becoming commonplace within the Service. These constraints, coupled with the increasing complexity of police work, have made it difficult for police organizations to meet public expectations as well as achieve internal goals and objectives. Often, organizations are diverting funds into operational areas in order to meet short-term goals however it will adversely affect them in achieving long-term goals. As stated by Chief Edgar MacLeod, past president of the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police; 1 Hutchison, R. (1974). A Century of Service, A History of the Winnipeg Police Force 1874-1974, City of Winnipeg Police Force, p. 8. 2 …the federal government needs to take the lead in redefining policing for the 21st century. He said local police budgets are being stretched to the limit dealing not only with community matters, but threats of increasingly global proportion, from terrorist networks to organized crime.2 Police leaders across Canada are currently faced with a challenging dilemma. Recently the Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police saw the issue important enough to create and fund the Institute for Strategic International Studies (ISIS). This year, 2006, seventeen current and future police leaders from across the nation embark on an international research project that is intended to create dialogue amongst the policing community and justice system stakeholders. One has only to look at the ISIS 2006 mandate to see that policing across Canada is at a crucial fork in the road; The Canadian policing community, together with others in the criminal justice system and all levels of government are seeking a newly articulated model for policing that is affordable, sustainable, accountable and ethical… It is our expectation that the final report and presentation from ISIS 2006 will directly address the central challenge articulated above. That is, what have we learned that will significantly advance our collective understanding of a policing model for Canada that is affordable, sustainable, accountable and ethical. We can further clarify the challenge by describing the expected outcome as “a turning point document” that advances thought on this broad but central theme. Our product might not represent the definitive answer, but it must stimulate the Canadian policing and criminal justice community to continue the discussion, and moreover, to move the discussion to new levels.3 Affordability and sustainability are two of four components that our current police leaders have identified as being fundamental to a survivability of public policing in Canada. As is evidenced in the following pages, the profession itself has become more multifaceted and all-encompassing and as a result it is becoming increasingly more difficult to provide a quality service with the funds provided. 2 Canada’s Police Chiefs Seek National Strategy. (2004). Moose-Jaw Times-Herald, p. 8. 3 Institute for Strategic International Studies (ISIS) 2006. Student Courseware. 3 Essentially, it has become necessary for the Winnipeg Police Service to look for alternate sources of funding that will augment the current budget and assist them in achieving their goals and objectives. One practical option for the Service is the establishment of a police foundation. Though new to Winnipeg the idea of police foundations is well rooted across Canada and North America. Research has also demonstrated that Canadians are more giving than ever before. As this trend is expected to continue in the future, the establishment of the Winnipeg Police Foundation will undoubtedly be a worthwhile and successful endeavour. Ultimately, it will enable the Winnipeg Police Service to maintain its reputation as a leader in the law enforcement community. The purpose of this paper was to develop a framework for the creation of a police foundation for the Winnipeg Police Service. Through significant research of other police foundations across North America and in keeping with more of an evidence-based philosophy, an effective and relevant framework has been developed. Once implemented, the Winnipeg Police Foundation will enable the Winnipeg Police Service to continue with its long history of being an innovative and progressive leader within the Canadian policing community. 4 Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Background 7 Intended Audience 12 Research Objectives 12 Research Questions 12 Literature Review 13 Research Methodology 20 The Police Industry and Foundations 20 Vision and Mission of the Winnipeg Police Foundation 21 Opportunities 23 Threats 27 Strengths 33 Weaknesses 36 Creating a Meaningful and Valued Foundation 43 Establishing Relevant and Timely Goals and Objectives 43 Establishing a Strong Governance Model for the Foundation 44 Establishing Relevant Foundation Bylaws 48 Developing Meaningful Partnerships with the Winnipeg Business Community 49 Developing Marketing Strategies to Assist in the Promotion of the Foundation 51 Establishing Criteria to Determine Who Receives Funding 54 Administration of Foundation Funds 56 Ethical Boundaries of the Foundation from a Donor and a Recipient Perspective 57 Fundraising 58 Potential Obstacles to the Establishment of a Foundation 60 Potential Risks to the Establishment of a Foundation 61 5 Action Plan 62 Conclusion 65 Bibliography 67 Appendix A 70 Appendix B 71 6 Background Winnipeg 1800s4 The Winnipeg Police Force was established on February 24, 1874 when its first three members were appointed. The Force’s first Chief of Police, John Ingram, was joined by two constables and together they formed the police force for the City of Winnipeg.5 At the time, Winnipeg was a small community however it was quickly becoming a growing city. Chief Constable John Ingram6 Over the years the ‘the force’ has undergone many changes. The name was first changed from the Winnipeg Police Force to the Winnipeg Police Department when the City of Winnipeg underwent an ‘amalgamation’ in 1974. This amalgamation saw a number of smaller communities join with the City of Winnipeg to form the metropolis it is today. Some twenty years later the name was changed to the Winnipeg Police Service in keeping with a nation wide trend and to signify a change in direction under the Service’s first ‘outside’ chief of police. 4 Photo of the City of Winnipeg, Circa 1800s. Retrieved December 2nd, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/. 5 Hutchison, R. (1974). A Century of Service, A History of the Winnipeg Police Force 1874-1974, City of Winnipeg Police Force, p. 8. 6 Photo of John Ingram. Retrieved December 2nd, 2005 from the World Wide Web: http://www.winnipeg.ca/police/. 7 Throughout the history of policing in Winnipeg the ‘force’, ‘department’ or ‘service’ has often been an example to other police agencies and has a history of leading the way in innovative practices. The Winnipeg Police Force was one of the first North American police agencies to adopt ‘photographing’ and ‘fingerprinting’ as means of identification in regards to criminal investigations. The current Winnipeg Police database of photographs goes back to 1899. The fingerprinting process that was brought to North America and displayed by Scotland Yard experts at the 1904 St. Louis World’s Fair was of substantial interest to Winnipeg Police Force Chief McRae. As a result of this exposition a similar system was introduced to the Winnipeg Police Force in 1905. This was three years prior to the opening of the National Bureau of Identification that began operating in 1908.7 The Winnipeg Police Force saw the value of female members long before many of its counterparts. The first female Winnipeg Police member (Mary Dunn) was hired on December 22, 1916. It is of interest to note that the federal police force, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, did not hire their first female members until 1974, some fifty-eight years after Winnipeg.8 Mary Dunn9 In 1930, the Winnipeg Police Force become the first Canadian police agency to install radios into patrol cars and in 1959 Winnipeg became the first Canadian city to employ a city wide ‘999’ emergency phone number which was monitored by Winnipeg Police members at headquarters.