TurkJZool 28(2004)199-203 ©TÜB‹TAK WaterMite(Acari,Hydrachnellae)FaunaofLakeÇapal›,Afyon,Turkey YunusÖmerBOYACI E¤irdirFisheriesFaculty,SüleymanDemirelUniversity,32500,E¤irdir,Isparta-TURKEY MuhlisÖZKAN EducationFaculty,Uluda¤University,Bursa-TURKEY Received:21.07.2003 Abstract: Through10monthlysampling,atotalof7434watermitesbelongingto24speciesand9familiesfromLakeÇapal›were caughtandidentified.Ofthese,Pionavariabilis andArrenurusbatillifer arenewrecordsfortheTurkishfauna.Besidestheindexof speciesdiversity,frequencyanalysisandtheecologicalcharactersofthestudyarea,constant,associated,euconstant,influe ntand accidentalspeciesweredetermined. KeyWords: Hydrachnellae,Acari,newrecord,ecology,Turkey. Çapal›GölüSuKenesi(Acari,Hydrachnellae)Faunas›,Afyon,Türkiye Özet: Çapal›Gölündenonayl›körneklememüddetindedokuzfamilyaveyirmidörttüreaittoplam7434sukenesiörne¤itopland› veteflhisleriyap›ld›.ButürlerdenPionavariabilis veArrenurusbatillifer Türkiyefaunas›içinyenikay›tlarolarakteflhisedildi.Ayr›ca, türçeflitlilikindeksi,frekans›,rastlanmas›kl›¤›veçal›flmaalan›n›nbaz›ekolojikkarakterleriilebask›n,sabit,kat›l›mc› ,etkinve tesadüftürleritespitedildi. AnahtarSözcükler: Hydrachnellae,Acari,yenikay›t,ekoloji,Türkiye. Introduction (Boyac›,1990)andintheSultanRushes,Turkey(Özkan Anatolia,alandbridgebetweenAsiaandEurope,has etal.,1993). animportantpositionzoogeographically,ecologicallyand Theaimofthisresearchwastodeterminetherelation geologically. amongspeciesandtocontributetotheAnatoliafaunaand Anatoliahasfacedmanygeologicalchanges,andthe tobeabasictextforreflectionsonthebiogeographyof faunaoftheregionhasconsiderablevariation.During thisgroupinAnatoliaandadjacentareas. thesechanges,manyanimalspeciesthatoriginatedin otherzoogeographicalregionsmigratedtoAnatolia, ResearchArea particularlyduringthelastglacialperiod,whenconditions wereappropriateforthesespeciesinAnatolia(Demirsoy, LakeÇapal›islocatedinthesouthernpartoftheDinar 1996). overlandroute,inthesouthwestofTurkey.TheAfyon- Ispartarailwaypassesthroughthemiddleofthelake.The Manypaleontologicalandzoologicalfindingsin lakebasinisconnectedwiththelargeMenderesbasinin Anatoliahaveconfirmedthetheorythattheclimatewas thewest,adesertplainandUluborluplainintheeastand suitableformanylifeformsduringthelastIceAge. Burdurbasininthesouth(Figure1). Nevertheless,taxonomicstudiesonthefaunaofAnatolia arelimitedtoafewgroupsofinvertebrates. Thelakeareais1220haandthealtitudeis950m. Thelake,oftectonicorigin,isfedbysurfaceandground Thefirstecologicalstudiesonalakeandstreamwater waters.Themaximumdepthisabout2-2.5mandthe mitewerecarriedoutinDumluandAkda¤streams waterlevelinthedryseasonsfallsconsiderablyandthe 199 WaterMite(Acari,Hydrachnellae)FaunaofLakeÇapal›,Afyon,Turkey Overflowing Reed-bed Regulator ÇAPALI LAKE N 1/60000 Figure1.LakeÇapal›. areaofthelakeisreducedto1100ha.Thelakeis Aftertheidentificationofthespecimens,frequency completelycoveredwithrushes,waterliliesandreeds analysis(F=a/nx100),thedominancevalues(D= (D.S.‹.G.Müd.,1979). Na/Nnx100)andtheindexofspeciesdiversity(d=S- Theaverageannualprecipitationis476kg/m 2.The 1/n)weredetermined(Na=theindividualnumbersof highestandlowestwatertemperatureisdeterminedin species;Nn,n=atotalofindividualnumbers;S=atotal AugustandJanuary,respectively.Someoftheminimum ofspeciesnumbers;a=frequencyofanyspecies). andmaximumchemicalvaluesareasfollows:pH7.4-8.4, + electricalconductivity208-500µmhos/cm,Na 3.91- ResultsandDiscussion 35.65mg/l,K + 1.17-7.02mg/l,Ca ++,Mg ++ 44-96mg/l, Thewetlandfauna,facedwithproblemssuchas CO3 0-21.6mg/l,HCO 3 93.94-256.2mg/l,CI3.5-22.4 agriculturalpesticides,irrigationanddrainagechannels, mg/l,andSO4 6.72-72.48mg/l. hassufferedduetoexcessivepollutionandsomespecies havebeensubjecttoextinction.Thewatermitesarethe MaterialandMethods invertebrateanimalgroupmostaffectedbythissituation. Mossesandmudcollectedfromthelakewerewashed Anumberofspeciespresentintheworldwatermites underpressuredtapwater.Thenthewatermite catalogs,caughtincertainplacesandatcertaintimes, specimenswerecollectedinacontainerandfixedin havenotbeenfoundagain.(Viets,1956;Viets,1987) Koenikeliquid(10partsglacialaceticacid,45parts Thus,thissituationrevealssystematicproblemsinthe water,45partsglycerin).Dissectionofbodypartsand definitionsofspecies.Wethinkthatreevaluationsof theorientationofspecimensonaslidewereperformed endemicspecieswithmoreprospectiveresearchwouldbe beforethespecimenscouldbeclassified(Cook,1974). useful. 200 Y. Ö.BOYACI,M. ÖZKAN Thespeciesnumbersofeachfamilyareasfollows: InTables1-3,monthlydistribution,dominance Arrenuridae7,Pionidae5,Hydrachnidae3,Eylaidae2, values,samplingnumbersandfrequencyoftheidentified Limnesidae2,Unionicolidae2,Hydryphantidae1, speciesandtheindexofspeciesvariationareshown. Hydrodromidae1andHygrobatidae1.Amongthe9 Twenty-fourspeciesbelongingto9familieshavebeen familiesdetermined,Arrenuridae(61.42%),Pionidae determined;22ofthesehavebeenpreviouslyrecorded (12.4%)andUnionicolidae(12.3%)aredominant fromTurkey,and2speciesarenewtotheTurkishfauna. families.Thespecieswiththehighestdominance Inthepresentstudy,10dominantspecies(76-100%),5 evaluations(C=100%)areA.globator,A.fimbriatus,A. constantspecies(51-75%),6associatedspecies(26- affinis,A.claviger,H.despiciens,P.variabilis,U.minor 50%)and3accidentalspecies(0-25%)were and U.crassipes ,whilethespecieswiththelowest determined.TheindicesofspeciesvarietyinMarch,May dominanceevaluations(C=22.2%)are H.crassipalpis, andApril(4.941,3.747,3.441,respectively)havebeen A.batillifer andH.krameri. Table1.AnnualdataofallthespeciesdeterminedinLakeÇapal›. SpeciesIndividualsnumberFrequency Dominance values Hydrachnaconjecta 28 0.3766 66.6 II Hydrachnaleegei 33 0.4439 66.6 II Hydrachnaorientalis 9 0.1210 33.3 III Eylaisinfundibulifera 82 1.1030 44.4 III Eylaismegalostoma 48 0.6456 44.4 III Hydryphantescrassipalpis 14 0.1883 22.2 IV Arrenurussuecius 82 1.1080 66.6 II Arrenurusaffinis 651 8.7570 100 I Arrenurusclaviger 644 8.6620 100 I Arrenurusfimbriatus 127117.097 100 I Arrenurusglobator 1849 24.872 100 I Arrenurustruncatellus 67 0.9012 55.5 II Arrenurusbatillifer 2 0.0269 22.2 IV Limnesiaundulata 202 2.7172 88.8 I Limnesiamaculata 92 1.2375 66.6 II Hydrodromadespiciens 544 7.3177 100 I Pionavariabilis 463 6.2280100 I Pionaalpicola 50 0.6725 33.3 III Pionacarnea 176 2.3675 77.7 I Unionicolaminor 550 7.3984 100 I Unionicolacrassipes 455 6.1805 100 I Hydrochorauteskrameri 18 0.2421 22.2 IV Tiphysornatus 72 0.9865 44.4 III Hygrobatesquanaticola 32 0.4304 44.4 III Total:24species,7434individuals I:Frequency76-100%euconstantspecies(10) II:Frequency51-75%constantspecies(5) III:Frequency26-50%associatedspecies(6) IV:Frequency0-25%accidentalspecies(3) Table2.Monthlydistributionsofthewatermitesanddiversity. Individual March AprilMay June July AugustSeptemberOctoberNovember Number 344 494 507 789 1795 1592 829 779 575 Speciesnumber 18 18 20 20 19 16 15 12 12 Diversity 4.941 3.441 3.747 2.408 1.002 0.0942 1.688 1.4121.913 201 WaterMite(Acari,Hydrachnellae)FaunaofLakeÇapal›,Afyon,Turkey Table3.Thespeciesfrequencygroupsandthenumbersofindividuals. Euconstant Constant Associated Accidental Arrenuridae59% Hydrachnidae0.8%Hydrachnidae 0.1% Hydryphantidae0.19% Arrenurusaffinis 651 Hydrachnaleegei 33 Hydrachnaorientalis 9 Hydryphantescrassipalpis 14 Arrenurusclaviger 644 Hydrachnaconjecta 28 Arrenurusfimbriatus 1271 Eylaidae1.7% Arrenuridae0.02% Arrenurusglobator 1849Arrenuridae 2% Eylaisinfundibulifera 82 Arrenurusbatillifer 2 Arrenurussuecius 82 Eylaismegalostoma 48 Limnesidae2.7% Arrenurustruncatellus 67 Pionidae0.2% Limnesiaundulata 202 Pionidae1.6% Hydrochorauteskrameri 18 Limnesidae1.2% Pionaalpicola 50 Hydrodromidae7.3% Limnesiamaculata 92 Tiphysornatus 72 Hydrodromadespiciens 544 Hygrobatidae0.43% Pionidae2.4% Hygrobatesquanaticola 32 Pionacarnea 176 Pionavariabilis 463 Unionicolidae13.5% Unionicolaminor 550 Unionicolacrassipes 455 determinedtobehigherthanthoseinothermonths.Due differentstrategies,overwinteringinthedrypoolbasin tosuitableenvironmentalconditions,thenumbersof mainlyaseggsorlarvae,butinsomespeciesasnymphal individualsinthesummerdecreasedtheindexofspecies andadultresistantstates,andspringmigrantsto diversity. temporarypondsfrompermanentones(Camachoand Faunaldiversitytendstobelow,althoughsomeofthe Valdecasas,1988).SpeciesofthefamilyHydryphantidae taxaarequiteabundant.Nevertheless,withinarestricted (genera Hydryphantes and Thyas),Pionidae( Piona and area,totalfaunadiversityishigh,duetolowrepetition. Tiphys)andArrenuridae( Arrenurus)andHydrachnidae (Hydrachna)exhibitthesecondstrategy(Wigginsetal., Theindexofdiversityvaluesofspeciescaughtfrom 1980). thelake,wherethedepthisapproximately1-3m,were similar(2.380)tothevaluesobtainedfromcountriesin Thenumbersofeuconstantandconstantspecies Europe(MeyerandSchwoerbel,1981). confirmthatLakeÇapal›isanappropriateenvironment forwatermites. Onesourceofvariabilityisalsothedifferentlife patterns.Specieslivingintemporarypondsshow2 References Boyac›,Y.Ö.1990.DumluÇay›veAkda¤SuyuSuAkarlar›n›n DS‹.GMd.1979.Dinar–KarakuyuProjesiPlanlamaRaporu.Projeno: (Hydrachnellae,Acari)SistematikveEkolojikYönden‹ncelenmesi. 0708,240pp.Isparta. AtatürkÜniv.Y.LisansTezi.Erzurum,113pp. MeyerE.,andSchwoerbel,J.1981UntersuchungenzurPhenelogiede Camacho,T.andValdecasas,A.1988.Spatialandbiocenotictrendsin wassermilben(Hydracarina)desmindelsees.Arch.Hydrobiologie. thewater-mitefaunaofsmallponds,Hydrobiologia160:207- Suppl.,59:192-251. 217. Özkan,M.1982.Do¤uAnadoluSuAkarlar›(Acari,Hydrachnellae) Cook,D.R.1974.Watermitesgeneraandsubgenera.MemAmerican ÜzerineSistematikAraflt›rmalar.DoçentlikTeziAtatürkÜniv. EntomologicalInstMichigan820pp.