Name _______________________________________ Date _____________ Social Studies 8 Andrew Carnegie: The Growth of the Steel Industry Statement of Inquiry: Growth of industry and innovation caused positive and negative changes in society. Steel is a product that has been around for centuries, but it had been extremely difficult and expensive to produce. In the late 1800s, a Scottish immigrant named Andrew Carnegie developed a new method to produce steel much faster and cheaper. This was known as the Bessemer Process. This new mass production made steel much more affordable at a time when it was in high demand. Steel was needed to build skyscrapers, better railroads, bridges, and many other things that were needed for a rapidly growing industrial society. This made Carnegie’s steel business a huge success. His steel mill, located near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, caused the rapid growth of that city and helped the entire nation’s industry expand. Within a short time, Carnegie was earning huge profits from his steel mill. He used the money to buy out rivals. He also bought iron mines, railroad and steamship lines, and warehouses. Soon, Carnegie controlled all phases of the steel industry—from mining iron ore to shipping finished steel. Acquiring control over all steps to change raw materials into finished products is called vertical integration. Vertical integration gave Carnegie a great advantage over other steel companies. In 1892, Carnegie combined all his businesses into the Carnegie Steel Company. By 1900, it was turning out more steel than Great Britain. Based on the reading and the video, summarize how the growth of the steel industry caused positive and negative changes in society. Positive Negative ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ .