A Brave New Generation Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations A Brave New Generation Foreword by Emir Kusturica, UNICEF National Ambassador for Federal Republic of Yugoslavia A Brave New Generation Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Foreword by Emir Kusturica, UNICEF National Ambassador for Federal Republic of Yugoslavia A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Published by> UNICEF Belgrade For publisher> Jean‚Michel Delmotte, Head of UNICEF Office Layout design> Konstantin Petrovic Cover photograph> UNICEF \ Zoran Jovanovic Maccak Management team> UNICEF staff from Belgrade, Podgorica and Area Office for the Balkans Editor> Jane E. Foy Research> Vesna Ciprus Printed by> STOJKOV Printing House, Novi Sad Print run> 500 Published> March, 2002 The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies of views of UNCIEF. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply on the part of UNICEF the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of the country or territory, or of its authorities, or the delimitations of its frontiers. UNICEF Belgrade Svetozara Markovica 58 11000 Belgrade, Yugoslavia Tel> (+381 11) 3602 100 Fax> (+381 11) 3602 199 E-mail> office¤unicef.org.yu A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Content Acronyms and Abbreviations . .7 Foreword . .9 Executive Summary . .11 Participation in Society . .12 Education and Learning . .13 Economics . .14 Health . .15 Young People in Need of Special Protection . .16 Conclusion . .17 Facts and Findings on Youth in FRY . .18 Introduction . .21 Scope of Report . .21 Structure . .21 Methodology . .22 Youth in FRY . .25 A New View of Youth . .26 Youth and the New Realities in FRY . .27 The Voices of Youth . .29 Meaningful Participation in Society . .33 The FRY Context . .33 Recreation and Leisure . .34 Media . .36 Information Technology . .36 Youth Civil Organisations . .37 Including One and All . .38 Political Participation . .40 Education ‚ The Learning Curve . .43 The FRY Context . .43 Enrolment ‚ The First Step . .45 Money and Maintenance . .47 Creating a New Learning Culture . .50 Equity in Access to Education . .52 Work in the Transition . .55 The FRY Context . .55 Facts and Figures on Employment . .56 The Private Sector and Grey Economy . .59 Work versus Further Education . .60 Working Conditions . .61 Barriers to Participation in the Workforce . .62 A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Health and Well-being . .65 The FRY Context . .65 Death and Illness . .66 Attitudes and Behaviours . .68 Reproductive and Sexual Health . .69 HIV\AIDS and STIs . .71 Substance Use and Abuse . .72 Use of Health Services . .74 Youth in Need of Special Protection . .77 The FRY Context . .77 Youth People without Parents . .78 Young People with Disabilities . .79 Violence and Abuse . .82 Trafficking in Human Beings . .84 Youth in Conflict with the Law . .84 Conclusion and Future Directions . .89 Conclusions . .89 Future Directions . .90 Summary of Report Recommendations . .92 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms . .97 Appendix 2 Surveys and Polls of Young People . .99 Appendix 3 Bibliography . .101 Appendix 4 Contributors . .103 A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Acronyms and Abbreviations AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women CBOs community-based organisations CEE\CIS Central and Eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child DfID Department for International Development (United Kingdom) ECHO European Community Humanitarian Office EU European Union ERRC European Roma Rights Centre FRY Federal Republic of Yugoslavia GDP gross domestic product GER gross enrolment ratio GNP gross national product HIV human immunodeficiency virus ICVA International Council of Voluntary Agencies IDP internally displaced person IFIs international financial institutions ILO International Labour Organisation IPH institute of public health IQ intelligence quotient JAZAS Yugoslav Association against AIDS K-M Kosovo and Metohija KAP knowledge, attitudes and practices MESA Montenegrin Elementary Schools Act MICS multiple indicator cluster surveys MMR maternal mortality rate NA not available (data) NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NGOs non-governmental organisations NPA national programme of action OSCE Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development PLWHA people living with HIV\AIDS SESA Serbian Elementary Schools Act SEE South-eastern Europe STIs sexually transmitted infections SFRY Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (former Yugoslavia) SWC social work centre UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV\AIDS UNHCR United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation UNDCP United Nations International Drug Control Program UNDP United Nations Development Programme USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organisation YuCRC Yugoslav Child Rights Centre 7 A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations A BRAVE NEW GENERATION • Youth in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Findings and Recommendations Foreword The most difficult part of our history is the inherited situations. A well-meaning person can hardly find another country in Europe where, when a new era sets in, one can conclude that what the old times have left us is… zero. And the inherited situation that the new generation here has found itself in is almost zero. Whether this is so because we have built our house in the middle of the road used by the East to travel to the West and by the West to travel to.