M27 Southampton Junctions PCF Stage 1 – Technical Appraisal Report November 2016 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................. 1 2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 8 2.1 SCHEME BACKGROUND ................................................................................. 8 2.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT ............................................................................ 8 2.3 USE OF ACRONYMS AND FOOTNOTE .......................................................... 9 3 PLANNING BRIEF ...................................................................... 10 3.1 SCHEME CONTEXT ........................................................................................ 10 3.2 EXISTING PROBLEMS AND PLANNING CONTEXT ..................................... 10 3.3 SCHEME BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 13 3.4 SCHEME OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 15 3.5 SUMMARY OF CONSULTATION WITH PUBLIC BODIES ............................ 23 4 EXISTING CONDITIONS ............................................................ 24 4.1 DESCRIPTION OF LOCALITY ........................................................................ 24 4.2 EXISTING HIGHWAY NETWORK ................................................................... 27 4.3 EXISTING TRAFFIC CONDITIONS ................................................................. 36 4.4 ACCIDENTS AND JOURNEY TIME RELIABILITY ......................................... 48 4.5 TOPOGRAPHY, LAND USE, PROPERTY AND INDUSTRY ......................... 52 4.6 CLIMATE .......................................................................................................... 53 4.7 DRAINAGE ....................................................................................................... 53 4.8 GEOLOGY ........................................................................................................ 54 4.9 MINING ............................................................................................................. 64 4.10 PUBLIC UTILITIES .......................................................................................... 65 4.11 STREET LIGHTING ......................................................................................... 66 4.12 STRUCTURES ................................................................................................. 76 iv 5 ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS ...................................................... 78 5.1 GENERAL ........................................................................................................ 78 5.2 SUB-SCHEMES ............................................................................................... 78 6 ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................... 81 6.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 81 6.2 NOISE AND VIBRATION ................................................................................. 81 6.3 AIR QUALITY ................................................................................................... 83 6.4 GREENHOUSE GASES ................................................................................... 84 6.5 LANDSCAPE AND TOWNSCAPE .................................................................. 85 6.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE ................................................................................... 86 6.7 NATURE CONSERVATION ............................................................................. 88 6.8 ROAD DRAINAGE AND THE WATER ENVIRONMENT ................................ 89 6.9 PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES ........................................................................ 91 6.10 GEOLOGY AND SOIL ..................................................................................... 93 6.11 HISTORICAL LAND USE ................................................................................ 94 6.12 MATERIALS ..................................................................................................... 96 7 ACCESSIBILITY ......................................................................... 98 7.1 OPTION VALUES ............................................................................................ 98 7.2 SEVERANCE .................................................................................................... 98 7.3 ACCESS TO TRANSPORT SYSTEMS ........................................................... 99 8 INTEGRATION ......................................................................... 100 8.1 TRANSPORT INTERCHANGE ...................................................................... 100 8.2 LAND USE POLICY ....................................................................................... 100 9 MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR STRATEGY STATEMENT ..... 102 10 PLANNING FACTORS ............................................................. 106 10.2 HOUSING AND EMPLOYMENT .................................................................... 106 v 10.3 TRANSPORT AND CONNECTIVITY ............................................................. 106 10.4 TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGY ....................................................................... 106 10.5 PROGRAMMING ............................................................................................ 106 10.6 ENVIRONMENTAL ........................................................................................ 107 10.7 STATUTORY PROCESS ............................................................................... 107 10.8 INTERFACE WITH THIRD PARTIES – UTILITIES ....................................... 107 11 DESCRIPTION OF ROUTE OPTIONS ..................................... 108 11.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 108 11.2 KEY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................ 108 11.3 DESIGN OPTIONS EXAMINED IN PCF STAGE 0 ....................................... 109 11.4 DESIGN OPTIONS EXAMINED IN PCF STAGE 1 ....................................... 109 11.5 SCENARIO OPTIONS FOR CONSIDERATION IN ECONOMIC, OPERATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT .......................... 110 11.6 SUB-SCHEME OPTIONS CONSIDERED ..................................................... 112 11.7 SUB-SCHEME 1: M27 JUNCTION 8 AND WINDHOVER ROUNDABOUT UPGRADES ........................................................................ 113 11.8 SUB-SCHEME 2: A3024 EASTERN ACCESS CORRIDOR ......................... 117 11.9 SUB-SCHEME 3: NORTHAM RAIL BRIDGE REPLACEMENT ................... 118 11.10 SUB-SCHEME 5: BITTERNE BRIDGE WIDENING ...................................... 121 12 STREET LIGHTING ASSESSMENT ........................................ 123 12.2 APPLICABLE TO ALL SUB-SCHEMES ....................................................... 123 13 DRAINAGE ASSESSMENT ..................................................... 126 14 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ................................................................ 128 14.1 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS APPROACH................................................................ 128 14.2 TRAFFIC MODELS APPLIED ....................................................................... 128 14.3 TRAFFIC MODELLING INPUTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ... 134 14.4 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS – OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SUB- SCHEMES ...................................................................................................... 134 vi 14.5 ROAD LAYOUT AND STANDARDS ............................................................. 137 14.6 CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................. 137 15 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT ..................................................... 138 15.1 EXISTING KNOWLEDGE AND DATA .......................................................... 138 15.2 TRANSPORT MODELS APPLIED ................................................................ 138 15.3 ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT APPROACH .................................................... 139 15.4 DISCUSSION OF COBA RESULTS .............................................................. 140 15.5 ECONOMIC OUTPUTS .................................................................................. 141 15.6 DISCUSSION OF ECONOMIC RESULTS ..................................................... 142 15.7 DISCUSSION OF ECONOMIC RESULTS ..................................................... 143 15.8 DISCUSSION OF RELIABILITY BENEFITS ................................................. 143 15.9 SENSITIVITY TESTS UNDERTAKEN ........................................................... 143 15.10 DISCUSSION OF OVERALL RESULTS ....................................................... 144 15.11 FURTHER WORK TO IMPROVE BCR IN PCF STAGE 2 ............................ 145 16 SAFETY ASSESSMENT .......................................................... 146 16.1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 146 16.2 EFFECTIVE CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ........................................... 148 16.3 INITIAL ROAD SAFETY REVIEWS ............................................................... 151 17 OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT .............................................. 153 17.1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................