LIVY, BOOK 45: HISTORICAL COMMENTARY AND STUDY OF SOURCES by DONALD WALTER BARONOWSKI B. A., McGill University, 1972 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF,; MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of Classics We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA September, 1974 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the Head of my Department or by his representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Donald W. Baronowski Department of Classics The University of British Columbia Vancouver, B. C. V6T 1W5, Canada September 4, 1974 ii ABSTRACT In Part One the composition of Book 45 of Livy's Ab Urbe Condita is studied and an attempt is made to trace portions of the book to a small number of principal sources. It is demonstrated that Livy used the work of the Greek historian Polybius for his account of Roman activities in the Hellenistic east and for Roman relations with the Hellenistic states. Livy's Latin sources in this book were the Sullan annalists Valerius Antias and Q. Claudius Quadrigarius, of whom Claudius may have been the more prominent. Livy used these late annalists for his account of events in Rome and the west, and for administrative details such as lists of magistrates. This analysis of Livy's work helps us to evaluate the relative worth of his account, since Polybius was generally more reliable than the annalists in his description of affairs in the Hellenistic east, while the annalists seem to have provided an important service by preserving "archival" material in their writings. The detailed commentary on Book 45 appears in Part Two. Although problems of many kinds are treated, the emphasis is on international relations, prosopography, political groups in Rome, chronology and the other traditions which treat the events described by Livy. In Appendix One and Appendix Three an attempt is made to clarify the diplomatic relations of Rome with the Rhodians and with the Ptolemaic kingdom, respectively, during the years 172 - 167. This attempt involves an evaluation and synthesis of a variety of sources belonging to different traditions. The attitude towards the Rhodians reflected in the work of the Roman annalists forms the subject of Appendix Two. In Appendix Four the relations between Rome and the Hellenistic states are considered. The most usual bond between Rome and these states in the second century B. C. seems to have been that of amicitia, a relationship which denoted friendship without clearly defining the terms by which friendly relations were to be maintained. The Romans, however, became more and more insistent that their foreign amici should follow Roman foreign policy much as the Italian socii did. A few Hellenistic states, however, were granted, or were forced to accept, foedera with Rome which imposed upon them obligations similar to those of the Italian socii, but these non-Italian socii of Rome were never fully absorbed into the system of the "Roman alliance". iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Abbreviations vi Introduction x Part One. The Sources 1 Part Two. Commentary 26 Part Three. Appendices 134 Bibliography 154 V ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In completing this thesis I wish to express my appreciation for the generous support I have received from the University of British Columbia and from the Department of Classics. In particular I am grateful to Mr. E. G. Wilson for his useful suggestions. Professors Russell and Williams have offered valuable advice on several archaeological problems. Through discussions with Professor Harding about international relations among the classical Greek and Hellenistic states, I have begun to learn how to approach similar problems as they involve Rome and the Hellenistic states in the second century. Professors Evans and Dusing, the directors of this thesis, have reviewed all portions of my work. To Professor Evans I am especially indebted for his help and advice on complicated problems in Hellenistic history and civilization. Professor Dusing has not only guided me through the large quantities of scholarship on Roman history and institutions, but has also given very generously of his time and patience in teaching a young graduate student how to present his work formally. To Professor McGregor, who has offered his assistance and encouragement on so many occasions, I should also like to express my deepest gratitude. vi ABBREVIATIONS AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJP American Journal of Philology Anatolian Studies Calder, W. M. and J. Keil, ed. Anatolian Studies Presented to William Hepburn Buckler Ant. Class. L'Antiquing Classique Beloch Italische Bund Beloch, J. Per Italische Bund unter Roms Hegemonie Bleiken Volkstribunat Bleiken, J. Das Volkstribunat der klassischen Republik Broughton Magistrates Broughton, T. R. S. The Magistrates of the Roman Republic Brunt Ital. Manpower Brunt, P. A. Italian Manpower, 225 B. C. - A. D. 14 BSA Annual of the British School at Athens Polybii Historiae. Edited by Buettner-Wobst T. Buettner-Wobst. 5 vols. Cook, S. A., F. E. Adcock and CAH M. P. Charlesworth, ed. The Cambridge Ancient History Cassola Gruppi Cassola, F. I Gruppi Politici Romani nel III secolo A. C. 2 CIL, 2nd ed. CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum Colin Rome et la Grece Colin, G. Rome et la Grece de 200 a 146 avant Jesus-Christ CP Classical Philology CQ Classical Quarterly (N. S. indicates New Series) Dar emb erg-Saglio Daremberg, Ch. and E. Saglio, ed. Dictionnaire des Antiquites Grecques et Romaines De Sanctis Storia, 2nd ed. Storia2 De Sanctis, G. Storia dei Romani vii Degrassi Fasti Triumphales Degrassi, A. Fasti Consulares et Triumphales, Inscriptiones Italiae. vol. XIII, Fasc. 1 Degrassi Elogia Degrassi, A. Elogia, Inscriptiones Italiae. vol. XIII, Fasc. 3 Deininger Pol. Widerstand Deininger, J. Der politische Widerstand gegen Rom in Griechenland 217-86 v. Chr. Frank ESAR I Frank, T. Rome and Italy of the Republic, An Economic Survey of Ancient Rome, vol. 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Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum SGDI Collitz, H., F. Bechtel and 0. Hoffmann. Sammlung der griechischen Dialekt- Inschriften SIG- Dittenberger, W. Sylloge Inscriptionum Graeearum. 3rd ed. TAPA Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association Taylor Voting Districts Taylor, L. R. The Voting Districts of the Roman Republic Taylor Voting Assemblies Taylor, L. R. Roman Voting Assemblies from the Hannibalic War to the Dictatorship of Caesar Walbank Commentary Walbank, F. W. A Historical Commentary on Polybius Weissenborn-Mu'ller Titi Livi Ab Urbe Condita Libri. Edited by W. Weissenborn and H. J. Mtiller Will Histoire Will, E. Histoire Politique du Monde Hellenistique Wissowa Rel. und Kult. Wissowa, G. Religion und Kultus der ROmer INTRODUCTION After their victory in the struggle against Hannibal and the Carthaginians, the Romans turned their attention to the Hellenistic east to settle an old score with Philip V, king of Macedonia.