Human Health and Safety PORTLAND PLAN BACKGROUND REPORT FALL 2009 Planning and Sustainability Commission Recommended Draft DECEMBER 14, 2010 Acknowledgments Human Health and Safety Bureau of Planning and Sustainability (BPS) Mayor, Sam Adams, Commissioner-in-charge PROS PERITY AND BUSINESS SUCCESS Susan Anderson, Director Joe Zehnder, Chief Planner Steve Dotterrer, Principal Planner SUSTAINABILITY AND THE NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Eric Engstrom, Principal Planner Gil Kelley, Former Director, Bureau of Planning DESIGN, PLANNING AND PUBLIC SPACES Primary Authors Michelle Kunec, Management Analyst, BPS Amanda Rhoads, City Planner, BPS NEIGHBORHOODS & HOUSING Primary Contributors Uma Krishnan, Management Analyst, BPS TRANSPORTATION, TECHNOLOGY AND ACCESS Sara Wright, Community Service Aide, BPS Gary Odenthal, Technical Services Manager, BPS Carmen Piekarski, GIS Analyst, BPS EDUCATION AND SKILL DEVELOPMENT Technical Advisors Healthy Portland Plan Workgroup HUMAN HEALTH, FOOD AND PUBLIC SAFETY The Healthy Portland Plan Workgroup, convened in September 2007 by Community Health Partnership, is a group of public health practitioners, health advocates, planners and others who came together to QUALITY OF LIFE, CIVIC ENGAGEMENT AND EQUITY help the City incorporate health into the Portland Plan. This group has met for the past year and a half and provided input on both the content and structure of ARTS, CULTURE AND INNOVATION this document. For more information about the Healthy Portland Plan Workgroup, contact Noelle Dobson at Community Health Partnership at 503-227-5502, x224. Additional Reviewers and Contributors Lolita Alpernas, Multnomah County Health Department; Sonali Balajee, Multnomah County Health Equity Initiative; Kurt Beil, NW College of Natural Medicine; Maya Bhat, Multnomah County Health Department; Steve Cohen, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability; Michelle Crim, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability; Alan De La Torre, PSU Institute on Aging; Tamara De Ridder, TDR Associates; Noelle Dobson, Community Health Partnership; Stephanie Farquhar, PSU School of Community Health; Amy Gilroy, Community Health Partnership; Julia Gisler, Bureau of Planning and Sustainability; Nancy Goff, Community Health Partnership; Heather Gramp, Clark County Health Department (former); Dawn Hottenroth, Bureau of Environmental Services; Ray Hudson, Multnomah County Health Department; Sandy Johnson, Multnomah County Health Department; Roberta Jortner, Environmental Supervising Planner, BPS; Chris Kabel, Northwest Health Foundation; Meg Merrick, Institute of Portland Metropolitan Studies; Ryan Orth, Enviroissues; Patty Reuter, Portland Office of Emergency Management; Stephanie Reynolds, Office of Neighborhood Involvement; Mike Saling, Portland Water Bureau; Tricia Sears, Planner, Environmental Specialty, BPS; Brett Sherry, Oregon Department of Human Services; Jason Smith, Portland Parks and Recreation; Deborah Stein, Supervising Planner, BPS; Greg Stewart, Portland Police Bureau; Tammy VanderWoude, Oregon Food Bank; Marlies Wierenga, Watershed Team, Bureau of Environmental Services (former); Lore Wintergreen, Safer Routes to Schools Coordinator, Bureau of Transportation (former) To help ensure equal access to City programs, services and activities, the City of Portland will reasonably modify policies/procedures and provide auxiliary aids/services to persons with disabilities. Call (503) 823-7700 with such requests. www.PDXPlan.com The Portland Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS INDEX OF FIGURES, TABLES & MAPS............................................................................................................ 3 Maps ............................................................................................................................................................................4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Key Findings and Recommendations...........................................................................................................................5 RESOURCES .................................................................................................................................................... 10 Commonly Used Terms..............................................................................................................................................10 Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................................11 Key References..........................................................................................................................................................12 Useful Links................................................................................................................................................................14 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 17 Health Determinants...................................................................................................................................................17 The Link between Planning and Health......................................................................................................................19 Achieving a Healthy Portland Plan.............................................................................................................................20 About This Document.................................................................................................................................................21 CHAPTER 2: HEALTH OUTCOMES ................................................................................................................ 23 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................23 Leading Causes of Death in Oregon..........................................................................................................................23 Obesity and Overweight.............................................................................................................................................24 Asthma.......................................................................................................................................................................29 Diabetes.....................................................................................................................................................................31 Coronary Heart Disease.............................................................................................................................................34 Cancer........................................................................................................................................................................35 Hypertension..............................................................................................................................................................37 Unintended Injuries ....................................................................................................................................................39 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 3: HEALTH EQUITY........................................................................................................................ 42 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................42 Socioeconomic Status................................................................................................................................................42 Education, Income and Job Status.............................................................................................................................43 Race and Ethnicity .....................................................................................................................................................46 Community Connectedness and Social Cohesion .....................................................................................................49 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................................51 CHAPTER 4: CLEAN ENVIRONMENTS .......................................................................................................... 53 Outdoor Air Quality.....................................................................................................................................................53 Criteria Pollutants.......................................................................................................................................................56 Air Toxics ...................................................................................................................................................................58 Conclusions................................................................................................................................................................60