INTERNATIONAL MARIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON, OHIO in affiliation with the PONTIFICAL THEOLOGICAL FACULTY MARIANUM ROME, ITALY By: Elizabeth Marie Farley The Development of Marian Doctrine as Reflected in the Commentaries on the Wedding at Cana (John 2:1-5) by the Latin Fathers and Pastoral Theologians of the Church From the Fourth to the Seventeenth Century A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate in Sacred Theology with specialization in Marian Studies Director: Rev. Bertrand Buby, S.M. Marian Library/International Marian Research Institute University of Dayton 300 College Park Dayton, OH 45469-1390 2013 i Copyright © 2013 by Elizabeth M. Farley All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Nihil obstat: François Rossier, S.M., STD Vidimus et approbamus: Bertrand A. Buby S.M., STD – Director François Rossier, S.M., STD – Examinator Johann G. Roten S.M., PhD, STD – Examinator Thomas A. Thompson S.M., PhD – Examinator Elio M. Peretto, O.S.M. – Revisor Aristide M. Serra, O.S.M. – Revisor Daytonesis (USA), ex aedibus International Marian Research Institute, et Romae, ex aedibus Pontificiae Facultatis Theologicae Marianum, die 22 Augusti 2013. ii Dedication This Dissertation is Dedicated to: Father Bertrand Buby, S.M., The Faculty and Staff at The International Marian Research Institute, Father Jerome Young, O.S.B., Father Rory Pitstick, Joseph Sprug, Jerome Farley, my beloved husband, and All my family and friends iii Table of Contents Prėcis.................................................................................. xvii Guidelines........................................................................... xxiii Abbreviations...................................................................... xxv Chapter One: Purpose, Scope, Structure and Method 1.1 Introduction...................................................... 1 1.2 Purpose............................................................. 3 1.3 Scope................................................................ 4 1.4 Present State of Research: Status Quaestionis.. 5 1.4.1 Source for Quotations, without Commentary....................................... 5 1.4.2 Marian Writings with Reference to the Wedding Feast at Cana Without Analysis.............................................. 5 1.4.3 Exegesis of the Wedding Feast at Cana with Reference to Some Fathers.. 7 1.4.4 Marian Thought without Reference to the Wedding Feast at Cana.................. 8 1.4.5 Commentary on the Wedding Feast at Cana but not from These Periods........ 8 1.5 Structure: Periods and Writers............................ 9 1.6 Method............................................................... 10 1.6.1 Overview of the Method..................... 10 1.6.2 Principles for Biblical Exegesis.......... 11 iv 1.6.3 Chapter Summary............................... 16 1.6.4 Final Summary.................................... 16 1.6.5 Foundation for the Method: Fundamentals of Patristic Exegesis, Latin Translations of the Bible, Gospel According to John .............................. 17 1.6.5.1 Fundamentals of Patristic Exegesis............................... 17 1.6.5.2 The Latin Translations of the Bible..................................... 19 1.6.5.3 The Gospel According to Saint John...................................... 24 Chapter Two: Foundation for Marian Doctrine: Second and Third Centuries 2.1 Introduction........................................................... 29 2.2 Tertullian and Cyprian in the Church of Roman North Africa..........................................................30 2.3 Marian Doctrine Not Specific to the Wedding Feast.......................................................................36 Chapter Three: The Patristic Period: Fourth and Fifth Centuries 3.1 Introduction.............................................................43 3.2 The Latin Church in the West.................................44 3.2.1 Challenges Faced by the Fathers and the Church......................................................44 v 3.2.2 Greek Fathers' Influence on the Latin Fathers......................................................45 3.2.3 Ecumenical Councils and Marian Doctrine................................................... 46 3.2.4 Monasticism............................................ 49 3.2.5 Primacy of the Pope and the Beginning of Western Theology............................... 50 3.2.6 The Fathers as Pastors..............................50 3.3 Life and Teaching of Hilary of Poitiers..................52 3.3.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in De Trinitate, On The Trinity..........................53 3.3.2 Comentary................................................56 3.4 Life and Teaching of Ambrose................................57 3.4.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Expositio Evangelii Secundum Lucam, Luke's Gospel...........................................58 3.4.2 Commentary.............................................60 3.4.3 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in De Institvtione Virginis, On the Education of Virgins..................................................62 3.4.4 Commentary.............................................64 3.5 Life and Teaching of Maximus of Turin.................65 3.5.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Homilia XXIII, Sermon 23 on the Epiphany of the Lord................................67 3.5.2 Commentary.............................................70 vi 3.6 Life and Teaching of Paulinus of Nola...................71 3.6.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Carmen XXV, Poem 25.......................... 74 3.6.2 Commentary............................................76 3.7 Life and Teaching of Augustine.............................76 3.7.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in De Vera Religione, Of True Religion......82 3.7.2 Commentary............................................84 3.7.3 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in De Fide et Symbolo, Faith and Creed......84 3.7.4 Commentary............................................86 3.7.5 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Tractatvs VIII, Tractate 8.........................87 3.7.6 Commentary............................................ 92 3.7.7 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Tractatvs CXIX, Tractate 119.................94 3.7.8 Commentary.............................................95 3.7.9 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Sermo CCXVIII, Sermon 218.................. 96 3.7.10 Commentary...........................................97 3.7.11 Synthesis: Augustine's Comments on Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana.......97 3.8 Life and Teaching of Gaudentius........................... 99 3.8.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Sermo VIII, Sermon 8.............................102 vii 3.8.2 Commentary...........................................104 3.8.3 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Sermo IX, Sermon 9................................105 3.8.4 Commentary........................................... 109 3.8.5 Synthesis of Gaudentius' Comments About Mary at the Wedding Feast..........110 3.9 Life and Teaching of Quodvultdeus ..................... 111 3.9.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in De Symbolo I, The First Homily on the Creed...................................................... 113 3.9.2 Commentary........................................... 117 3.10 Summary of Chapter Three: Patristic Period....... 119 3.11 Marian Doctrine................................................... 120 Chapter Four: The First Half of the Middle Ages: Sixth through Eleventh Centuries 4.1 Introduction............................................................125 4.2 The Latin Church in the Roman Empire................126 4.2.1 Challenges faced by the Church and the Church's Allies..................................126 4.2.2 The Pope and the Church Respond.........128 4.2.3 Monasticism and Missionary Accomplishments.....................................129 4.2.4 Ecumenical Councils and Marian Doctrine...................................................132 viii 4.2.5 The Great Schism....................................134 4.2.6 Church Life............................................. 134 4.3 Life and Teaching of Gregory of Tours..................137 4.3.1 Mary as "Woman" in Historiae Ecclesiasticae Francorum, History of the Franks................................................138 4.3.2 Commentary............................................140 4.4 Life and Teaching of Pope Gregory...................... 141 4.4.1 Mary as "Woman" in Registrvm X" Gregorivs Evlogio, Letter to Eulogius....142 4.4.2 Commentary............................................146 4.5 Life and Teaching of Bede.................................... 147 4.5.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Homilia XIV, Homily 14.........................150 4.5.2 Commentary............................................153 4.6 Life and Teaching of Alcuin..................................154 4.6.1 Mary at the Wedding Feast at Cana in Commentariorum in Joannem, Commentary on John..............................156 4.6.2 Commentary............................................158 4.7 Summary of Chapter Four......................................159 4.8 Marian Doctrine.....................................................160 ix Chapter Five: The Golden Age of Mary: Twelfth Century 5.1 Introduction.............................................................165 5.2 Prosperity and Growth in the Latin West and in the Church...............................................................165 5.2.1 The