United States Office of Water EPA 821-R-99-001 Environmental Protection 4303 April 1999 Agency PHASE I UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS FOR VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES TECHNICAL DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENT Technical Development Document for Phase I Uniform National Discharge Standards for Vessels of the Armed Forces Naval Sea Systems Command U.S. Department of the Navy Arlington, VA 22202 and Engineering and Analysis Division Office of Science and Technology Office of Water U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Washington, DC 20460 April, 1999 FOREWORD This Technical Development Document was produced jointly by the Naval Sea Systems Command of the United States Navy and the Office of Water of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this document is to provide, in part, the technical background that was used to develop the Phase I regulation that is issued under authority of the Uniform National Discharge Standards provisions of the Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C., 1322(n). TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................................ES-1 CHAPTER 1. BACKGROUND OF THE UNIFORM NATIONAL DISCHARGE STANDARDS 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Legal Authority and Statutory Requirements for the UNDS Regulations ................ 1-2 1.2.1 Discharges.................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.2 Vessels ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.3 Waters ........................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3 UNDS Development Requirements.......................................................................... 1-3 1.4 References................................................................................................................. 1-5 CHAPTER 2. VESSELS OF THE ARMED FORCES 2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Description of Vessel Classes and Types.................................................................. 2-2 2.2.1 Vessels of the U.S. Navy ........................................................................... 2-2 2.2.1.1 Navy Mission................................................................................ 2-2 2.2.1.2 Navy Vessel Description .............................................................. 2-2 2.2.2 Vessels of the Military Sealift Command.................................................. 2-5 2.2.2.1 Military Sealift Command Mission.............................................. 2-5 2.2.2.2 Special Mission Support Force..................................................... 2-6 2.2.2.3 Naval Fleet Auxiliary Force ......................................................... 2-6 2.2.3 Vessels of the U.S. Coast Guard................................................................ 2-7 2.2.3.1 Coast Guard Mission.................................................................... 2-7 2.2.3.2 Coast Guard Vessel Description................................................... 2-7 2.2.4 Vessels of the U.S. Army......................................................................... 2-10 2.2.4.1 Army Mission............................................................................. 2-10 2.2.4.2 Army Vessel Description............................................................ 2-10 2.2.5 Vessels of the U.S. Marine Corps............................................................ 2-12 2.2.5.1 Marine Corps Mission................................................................ 2-12 2.2.5.2 Marine Corps Vessel Description............................................... 2-12 2.2.6 Vessels of the U.S. Air Force................................................................... 2-12 2.2.6.1 Air Force Mission....................................................................... 2-12 2.2.6.2 Air Force Vessel Description ..................................................... 2-12 2.2.7 Vessels Not Covered by UNDS............................................................... 2-13 2.2.7.1 Army Corps of Engineers Vessels.............................................. 2-13 2.2.7.2 Maritime Administration Vessels............................................... 2-13 2.2.7.3 Vessels Preserved as Memorials and Museums ......................... 2-14 2.2.7.4 Time- and Voyage-Chartered Vessels........................................ 2-14 2.2.7.5 Vessels Under Construction ....................................................... 2-14 2.2.7.6 Vessels in Drydock..................................................................... 2-14 2.2.7.7 Amphibious Vehicles ................................................................. 2-14 i 2.3 Locations of Armed Forces Vessels........................................................................ 2-15 2.3.1 Homeports................................................................................................ 2-15 2.3.1.1 Navy Ports .................................................................................. 2-15 2.3.1.2 Coast Guard Ports....................................................................... 2-15 2.3.1.3 Army Ports.................................................................................. 2-15 2.3.1.4 Military Sealift Command, Marine Corps, and Air Force Port Usage................................................................................ 2-16 2.3.2 Operation within Navigable Waters of the U.S. and the Contiguous Zone ..................................................................................................... 2-16 2.4 References............................................................................................................... 2-20 CHAPTER 3. DATA COLLECTION 3.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Surveys...................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.3 Consultations with Department of Defense Personnel Having Equipment Expertise .............................................................................................................. 3-2 3.4 Consultation and Outreach Outside the Department of Defense .............................. 3-3 3.4.1 Initial State Consultation Meetings............................................................ 3-4 3.4.2 Second Round of State Consultation Meetings ......................................... 3-4 3.4.3 Consultation with Environmental Organizations....................................... 3-5 3.4.4 UNDS Newsletter and Homepage ............................................................. 3-5 3.5 Sampling and Analysis.............................................................................................. 3-6 3.5.1 Approach to Identifying Discharges Requiring Sampling ......................... 3-6 3.5.2 Approach to Determining Analytes ........................................................... 3-6 3.5.3 Shipboard Sampling................................................................................... 3-7 3.5.4 Quality Assurance/Quality Control and Data Validation Procedures........ 3-8 3.6 References............................................................................................................... 3-10 CHAPTER 4. DISCHARGE EVALUATION METHODOLOGY 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................... 4-1 4.2 Environmental Effects Determination ...................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Chemical Constituents ............................................................................... 4-1 4.2.2 Thermal Pollution ...................................................................................... 4-5 4.2.3 Bioaccumulative Chemicals of Concern.................................................... 4-6 4.2.4 Nonindigenous Species.............................................................................. 4-7 4.2.5 Discharge Evaluation ................................................................................. 4-7 4.3 Nature of Discharge Analysis ................................................................................... 4-8 4.3.1 Nature of Discharge Report Contents ........................................................ 4-9 4.3.2 Peer Review ............................................................................................. 4-10 4.4 MPCD Practicability, Operational Feasibility, and Cost Analysis ......................... 4-11 4.4.1 MPCD Practicability, Operational Feasibility, and Cost Report Contents ................................................................................................. 4-11 4.5 References............................................................................................................... 4-12 ii CHAPTER 5. PHASE I DISCHARGE DETERMINATIONS 5.1 Discharges Determined To Require MPCDs............................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Aqueous Film-Forming Foam.................................................................. 5-3 5.1.2 Catapult Water Brake Tank and Post-Launch Retraction Exhaust .......... 5-4 5.1.3 Chain Locker Effluent.............................................................................