Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil Author(s): Mark P. Culik, David S. Martins, José A. Ventura and Vera S. Wolff Source: Journal of Insect Science, 8(17):1-6. 2008. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.008.1701 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/031.008.1701 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non-commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil Mark P. Culik1,a, David S. Martins1,b, José A. Ventura1,c and Vera S. Wolff2,d 1 Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural – INCAPER, Rua Afonso Sarlo 160, CEP 29052-010, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brasil 2 Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária FEPAGRO, Rua Gonçalves Dias, 570, (Menino Deus), 90130-060, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil Abstract Twenty-seven species of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are newly recorded from Espírito Santo, Brazil, and information on the host plants and geographic distribution of the 31 species of Diaspididae that have been identified in the State is provided. New plant host records are reported for 11 of the diaspidid species studied and results are discussed with respect to development of agriculture in this and similar areas with objectives of modernization and diversification. Resumo São registradas pela primeira vez no Estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil, vinte e sete espécies de cochonilhas da família Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), com informações sobre as plantas hospedeiras e a distribuição geográfica das 31 espécies que já haviam sido identificadas no Estado. São registradas novas plantas hospedeiras de 11 espécies de cochonilhas e são discutidos os resultados com respeito ao desenvolvimento da agricultura no Estado e áreas similares com objetivos de modernização e diversificação. Keywords: armored scale insects, biodiversity, biogeography, host plants Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Received: 3 April 2007 | Accepted: 23 July 2007 | Published: 5 March 2008 Copyright: This is an open access paper. We use the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license that permits unrestricted use, provided that the paper is properly attributed. ISSN: 1536-2442 | Volume 8, Number 17 Cite this paper as: Culik MP, Martins DS, Ventura JA, Wolff VS. 2008. Diaspididae (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Espírito Santo, Brazil. 6pp. Journal of Insect Science 8:17, available online: insectscience.org/8.17 Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 8 | Article 17 1 Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Introduction Samples of plant parts (fruits, leaves, stems) infested with diaspidids were collected from Armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) are sap locations throughout the State ranging from feeding insects that are important pests of many municipalities of Pinheiros in the north (18.40°S; agricultural crops and ornamentals throughout 40.21°W) to Marataízes in the south (21.03°S; the world because of the damage that they cause 40.83°W) and Vitória (20.32°S; 40.32°W) on the to plants. In addition, because it is often difficult coast to municipalities in the interior of the State to remove these insects from produce such as such as Venda Nova do Imigrante (20.38°S; fruits they may be considered to be cosmetically 41.19°W), and from a variety of sites including damaging and many diaspidid species are also of experimental research plots, commercial fields, quarantine concern requiring management to private homes, and the Reserva Natural da Vale prevent their spread through export of plant do Rio Doce. The samples were transported to the products (Miller et al. 2005). Espírito Santo rural research and extension institute INCAPER (Instituto Capixaba de Although approximately 150 diaspidid species Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural) have been recorded from Brazil, only 5 have been headquarters in Vitória for photographing and previously identified from the State of Espírito preservation of the diaspidid specimens. The Santo (Silva et al. 1968; Claps et al. 1999; Claps et specimens were slide-mounted for identification al. 2001; Martins et al. 2004). Espírito Santo is a using 10% sodium hydroxide for clearing, relatively small State (46,078 km2) located in the dehydration in alcohol, and Canada balsam east central region of Brazil (between ~18°S and mounting medium. Voucher specimens of these 21°S) but includes a diverse variety of insects are deposited in the arthropod collections environments ranging from coastal to ~3,000 m of INCAPER, Vitória, Espírito Santo, and the altitude. The State is at the center of one of the Museu de Entomologia Professor Ramiro Gomes world’s most biologically diverse ecosystems, the Costa, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Mata Atlântica, and contains some of the most Agropecuária FEPAGRO, Porto Alegre, Rio biologically diverse forests in the world (Mori Grande do Sul, Brasil. 1989; Thomaz & Monteiro 1997). Agriculture is also an important part of the State’s economy with major crops including coffee, sugarcane, and Results fruits such as papaya. Preservation of biodiversity Diaspidids were identified from approximately and development of sustainable agriculture, based 100 plant samples representing at least 30 species on practices such as integrated pest management in 20 plant families consisting mainly of tropical (IPM), in Espírito Santo and similar areas fruits and ornamentals. Twenty-seven species of depends on increased knowledge of the actual armored scale insects that have not previously biological diversity (pest and beneficial insects, been recorded from Espírito Santo were identified for example) present in such areas. Therefore, in this study, bringing the total number of species because information on the insect fauna of of armored scale insects known from this State to Espírito Santo is needed for preservation of 31 (Table 1, Figure 1). Lepidosaphes gloverii biodiversity and sustainable development in this (Packard) was incorrectly reported from Espírito State, scale insects were collected during 2003 to Santo (and several other states in Brazil) in Claps 2006 from various plants in the State to identify et al. (2001). The known geographic distribution the species present in this area. Here we of L. gloverii in Brazil is São Paulo (Silva et. document new armored scale insect records for al.1968) and Rio Grande do Sul (Wolff and Espírito Santo based on these recent collections to Corseuil 1994). Most of the diaspidids identified serve as a reference to the known scale insect from Espírito Santo are known to have a broad fauna of this area, as well as contribute to a more plant host range and wide geographic complete knowledge of diaspidid biogeography distribution. However, 11 of the scale species that and host plant relationships in general. were collected were found on new host plants in this study, most notably Diaspidiotus ancylus Materials and Methods (Putnam) on a new host family, Psidium guajava (Myrtaceae). Diaspidids were collected during surveys of the insect fauna of papaya and pineapple in Espírito Most of the diaspidids that have been identified Santo and when noticed on plants during from Espírito Santo are also potential pests of a fieldwork or other activities in 2003 to 2007. variety of economically important crops in the Journal of Insect Science: Vol. 8 | Article 17 2 Journal of Insect Science | www.insectscience.org ISSN: 1536-2442 Figure 1. Map of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, showing municipalities where Diaspididae species (1–30) were collected in this study, 2003–2007. Note: The name of the species 24 is misspelled. It should be Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis. State, for example, citrus, mango, and coconut. It Discussion is especially notable that four potential pests of At least 35 additional species of Diaspididae are coffee: Diaspis boisduvalii Signoret, Parlatoria known from States neighboring Espírito Santo; proteus (Curtis), Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis Bahia, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro (Claps et (Green), and Selenaspidus articulatus (Morgan); al. 1999; Claps et al. 2001). Thus, it is likely that seven potential pests of papaya: Aspidiotus many more diaspidid species are actually present destructor Signoret, Aspidiotus nerii Bouche, in Espírito Santo and likely to be found with Chrysomphalus dictyospermi (Morgan), P. additional study. Although about half of the ~200 trilobitiformis, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona diaspidid species known from the region of Brazil, (Targioni Tozzetti), Pseudoparlatoria