SECTION 02 Principles of Training & Development Explain and apply three learning LESSON theories. OBJECTIVES Comprehend the four learning curves and the situations in which they likely occur. Understand and apply the diverse levels, styles and strategies of learning. LEARNING THEORIES Pg. 17 • Classical Conditioning • Operant Conditioning • Social Cognitive Theory CLASSICAL CONDITIONING Pg. 18 OPERANT CONDITIONING Pg. 18 Operant conditioning focuses strictly on observable behavior rather than on motives, feelings, and other internal processes. S R Reinforcement REWARD SCHEDULES Pg. 20 The timing of the reinforcement: how often the correct response is reinforced. • Continuous • Intermittent • Interval KNOWLEDGE CHECK For most people, supervisor compliments are according to what type of reward schedule? A) Continuous B) Fixed Ratio C) Variable Ratio D) Fixed Interval SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY Pg. 21 Behavior is influenced by the consequences of the behavior. Personal Factors Behavior Environment ANDRAGOGY Pg. 24 Principles • Learning is experienced-based. • Learning is problem-centered. • Learning is enhanced by active participation. • Learning is collaborative. • Learning requires involvement. PRINCIPLES OF LEARNING Pg. 27 The design and presentation of training programs should be based on the principles of learning proposed by both operant conditioning and social cognitive theory. •Stimulus • Response • Motivation • Feedback TRANSFER OF TRAINING Pg. 30 Learned Response Similar Different Large Negative Large Positive Transfer Transfer + – Environments No Small Positive Transfer Transfer + Stimulus 0 LEARNING CURVES Pg. 32 Used to analyzing the rate of learning High High Correct Correct Percent of Percent Responses Percent of Percent Low Low Responses 1N 1 Negatively Positively N Accelerating Accelerating High High Plateau Correct Correct Percent of Percent Percent of Percent Responses Low Responses Low 1NS-Shaped 1NPlateau KNOWLEDGE CHECK Which of the following is NOT one of the explanation for a plateau in a learning curve? A) Motivation decline B) Familiarity with the training environment C) Hierarchy of habits D) Elimination of bad habits FORGETTING Pg. 33 • Passive Decay • Retroactive Inhibition • Proactive Inhibition • Motivated Forgetting LEARNING STYLES Pg. 34 LEVEL OF LEARNING Pg. 35 Learning can occur at different levels. There are six levels of learning proposed by Bloom in a taxonomy of cognitive learning. • Knowledge • Comprehension • Application • Analysis • Synthesis • Evaluation LEARNING STRATEGIES Pg. 36 INVERTED TUNNEL FUNNEL HOURGLASS FUNNEL Uniform Broad Concepts Broad Concepts Specific Situations Presentation Specific Situations Specific Broad Concepts Broad Concept Step-by-Step Situations Instruction Example: Example: Example: Learning new Learning to write Example: Management software a business plan Learning to drive training KINDS OF LEARNING Pg. 36 • Motor Response • Rote Learning • Learning Ideas • Value Internalization KNOWLEDGE CHECK Memorizing a sales presentation involves what kind of learning? A) Motor response learning B) Idea learning C) Value learning D) Rote learning Congratulations, you have completed this section.