Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 107 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada DFO - Library MPO - Bibliothèque Part Ill 1\111E11171\ Edited by L. Margolis and Z. Kabata QL b26 C314 #1Ù7 Fishenes Pêches 10E and Oceans et Océans Canada QL 4e.r" 2 OCT 19139 eEF BH3LICrre.Qtri5 Pêches k Ocns GUIDE TO THE PARASITES OF FISHES OF CANADA PART III Published by Publié par Fisheries Pêches 1+1 and Oceans et Océans Communications Direction générale Directorate des communications Ottawa Ki A 0E6 ©Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1989 Available from authorized bookstore agents, other bookstores or you may send your prepaid order to the Canadian Government Publishing Centre Supply and Services Canada, Ottawa, Ont. K1A 0S9. Make cheques or money orders payable in Canadian funds to the Receiver General for Canada. A deposit copy of this publication is also available for reference in public libraries across Canada. Cat. No. Fs 41-31/107E ISBN 0-660-12794-6 DFO/4029 ISSN 0706-6481 Communications Directorate Director General: Nicole M. Deschênes Director: John Camp Editorial and Publishing Services: Gerald J. Neville Correct citations for this publication: MARGOLIS, L., AND Z. KABATA [ed.]. 1989. Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part III. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 107: 95 p. ARA!, H. P. 1989. Acanthocephala, p. 1-90. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [cd.]. Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part III. Can. Spec. Pub!. Fish. Aquat. Sci 107: 95 p. ARA!, M. N. 1989. Cnidaria, p. 91-95. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [ed.]. Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part III. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 107: 95 p. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 107 Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Edited by L. Margolis and Z. Kabata Department of Fisheries and Oceans Biological Sciences Branch Pacific Biological Station Nanaimo, British Columbia V91? 5K6 Part III Acanthocephala Hisao P. Arai Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 Cnidaria Mary N. Arai Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4 DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES AND OCEANS Ottawa 1989 Contents Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part III Preface vi Acanthocephala. H. P. Arai 1 Abstract/Résumé 2 Introduction 2 Keys to Acanthocephala 3 Host-Parasite List 66 References 74 Index to Acanthocephala 82 Index to Hosts 84 Cnidaria. M. N. Aral 91 Abstract/Résumé 92 Introduction 92 Species Account 92 Acknowledgements 95 References 95 PREFACE Part III of the series bearing the general title "Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada" contains Acanthocephala and Cnidaria. As we have pointed out in the Introduction to Part II, no taxonomic significance should be attached to the sequence in which these parts are issued. It reflects only the rate at which individual authors have been able to complete their contributions. The helminth—cnidarian assembly be- tween the same covers is also fortuitous. As chance would have it, this part of the guide represents the relationship between the authors more than it does between the two groups of parasites it contains. The format of Part III follows the pattern set by the previous two parts, i.e., it is an expanded key, incorporating salient features of all taxa encompassed in it. It differs from Part II in that it provides literature references for all host and distri- bution records, rather than sending the reader to Margolis and Arthur's (1979) synopsis for pre-1978 references and listing details only for the records subsequent to the cutoff point of that publication. Other minor differences were necessitated by the special characteristics of Acanthocephala, but readers acquainted with Parts I and II will find the format easy to follow. The species representing Cnidaria has been included here for the sake of com- pleteness. It cannot claim to be a parasite of fishes, but rather a hyperparasite associated with some ectoparasites of fishes. Its inclusion was prompted by repeated inquiries from the general public about its identity. The cover design has been adapted from Mr. G. Klassen's original design for the cover of Part I. The aptness and esthetic appeal of that design have prompted its adoption, as far as possible, for the entire series. THE EDITORS vi ACANTHOCEPHALA H. P. ARA! ABSTRACT ARAI, H. P. 1989. Acanthocephala, p. 1-90. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [ed.]. Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part III. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Agnat. Sci. 107: 95 p. Keys to identification of 32 species of acanthocephalans occurring either as adults or juveniles in fish- es from Canadian waters are provided. Illustrations and brief descriptions of the various taxa are included as aids for identification. RÉSUMÉ ARAI, H. P. 1989. Acanthocephala, p. 1-90. In L. Margolis and Z. Kabata [ed.]. Guide to the parasites of fishes of Canada. Part III. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 107: 95 p. L'auteur fournit des clés d'identification pour les 32 espèces d'acanthocéphales que l'on rencontre au stade d'adultes ou de jeunes chez les poissons vivant dans les eaux canadiennes. Des illustrations et de courtes descriptions des divers taxons sont incluses pour faciliter l'identification. INTRODUCTION Van Cleave's (1920) records of three species of the specific descriptions in a uniform manner. Similar Echinorhynchus from Ontario, the western Arctic, circumstances have prevailed for the illustrations, and the Northwest Territories appear to be the first which were usually redrawn from the original or acanthocephalans reported from fishes in Canada. redrawn as composites from two or more sources. Up to 31 December 1986, a total of 32 species, in- Additional problems arose in constructing a key for cluding seven new species, have been reported from members of the genera Corynosoma and Bolbosoma, 145 species of fishes. Additionally, there have been which occur in fishes as juveniles or immature forms. a number of other acanthocephalan reports from The specific descriptions included here are based on Canada in which the worms were not specifically the morphometric features of the adult stage; identified. however, in the key to species, those characteristics (i.e., proboscis trunk spination) that For the classification of the acanthocephalans, armature and I have followed that presented by are useful for identification of juvenile forms have Amin (1982,1985b, been emphasized. Unless otherwise indicated all 1987), but I have also relied extensively on Meyer (1932, 1933), Van morphometric values given in the specific descriptions Cleave (1953b), Petrochenko are in millimetres. (1956a, b), Golvan (1959b, 1960a, 1960b, 1960c, 1969), and Yamaguti (1963). I have also accepted the Clarification is necessary for the omission of two synonymies included in Amin (1985b); however, only names which have been introduced as part of the those pertinent in the Canadian context have been acanthocephalan fauna of Canada. Echinorhynchus listed. clavula Dujardin, 1845 from Eopsetta jordani was The classification, synonymies, and common listed by Ronald (1959) and attributed to an unpub- names given by Robins et al. (1980) have been fol- lished report by L. Margolis. However, Margolis lowed for host species. (pers. comm.) has stated that he has never identified any specimens of E. clavula from any host. Hence, I have relied solely on the literature as a source the purported record may have resulted from an for descriptions, morphometric data, and for illus- error in transcription or from a transposition of hosts trations. Since the informational content of the and parasites in a compilation process. Based on an various sources differs greatly, results from attempts unpublished report by Stewart-Hay (1952a), at separating poorly described species in a dichoto- `Tanaorhamphus' was listed by Lubinsky (1976) and mous key have been problematical. For the same subsequently by Lubinsky and Loch (1979) as reasons, difficulties were encountered in presenting `Tanaoramphus' [sic]. Margolis and Arthur (1979) 2 listed Tanaorhamphus, but reference to Stewart- Saskatchewan (Sask), Yukon Territory (YT), and Hay's (1952a) original report indicates that the ac- unspecified Canadian locality (Can). tual record is for ' Tanaorhynchus' , a nomen nudum. cannot are confirmed, An undertaking such as this compilation Until the identities of these specimens be completed to any degree of satisfaction without these `records' from Canadian fishes should not be this regard, I faunal lists. the aid and expertise of others. In included in acknowledge Dr. L. Margolis and Mr. T. McDonald, Except for a few modifications, the general for- both of the Pacific Biological Station, who gener- mat (including abbreviations for denoting localities ously shared their knowledge of the literature; Mr. and the numerical convention for indicating authori- G. Miller and his staff of the Pacific Biological ties for host records and distributions) basically Station library, who greatly facilitated the search of follows that of Margolis and Arthur (1979) and the literature; the University Research Grants Com- adopted by Beverley-Burton (1984). The main excep- mittee of the University of Calgary, which provided tion is that the host synonymies are not included in financial assistance for the rendering of the excellent the 'Host-Parasite List' but the name used by the illustrations by Ms. Danita Maslankowski of the original authority is included as part of the host Department of Biological Sciences, University of records. The Synopsis was also followed in designat- Calgary; the National Science and Engineering ing geographical localities of the records shown in Research Council of Canada, through an operating the keys. The following abbreviations were used: for grant (A-2405) to the author; and Dr. G.D. Schmidt, marine areas, Arctic (Arc), Atlantic (All), eastern University of Northern Colorado, who read an earlier Arctic (E Arc), Pacific (Pac), and western Arctic (W draft of the manuscript.