PAKISTAN’ S INTER SERVICES INTELLIGENCE (ISI) FRONTIER POST OF PESHAWAR DAWN OF KARACHI PREVIEW PART I GENESIS OF ISI GROWTH UNDER VARIOUS REGIMES ORG OF ISI ISI PSY ISI DESIGN PART II ISI ACTIVITIES IN CC THEATRE PART III COUNTER MEASURES GENESIS OF ISI ¾ FOUNDED IN 1948 BY BRITISH ARMY OFFR MAJ GEN R CAWTHOME . ¾ CONCEIVED AS PART OF MIL EST INTENDED TO COMBINE AND COORD INT SETUPS OF THE SERVICES. ¾ UNLIKE OTHER COUNTRIES – TOP AND MIDDLE RUNG OFFRS DRAWN FROM MIL EST. ¾ CHIEF DESIGNATED AS DG ( SERVING LT GEN ). ¾ 3 DDG UNDER THE DG – ONE EACH FROM THREE SERVICES. GROWTH UNDER VARIOUS REGIMES UNDER AYUB KHAN (1948 -1971) ¾ BEEFED UP AS A POL ESPG AGENCY. ¾ SIDELINED IB AFTER 1965. UNDER ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO (1972-1977) ¾ LOST IMP, RELEGATED TO SIDELINES. UNDER GEN ZIA -UL –HAQUE (1977 -1988) ¾ ZIA’S MISTRUST FOR CIV INT AGENCIES – TOTAL RELIANCE ON ISI. ¾ DRAMATIC UPLIFT WITH US COALITION TO CHECKMATE USSR IN AFGHANISTAN (1979). GROWTH UNDER VARIOUS REGIMES ¾ UNCHECKED, UNAUDITED ACCESS TO VA ST RESERVOIR OF ARMS , AMN AND FINANCES MEANT FOR USE AGAINST RUSSIA QUIETLY DIVERTED FOR NEFARIOUS DESIGNS AGAINST INDIA. ¾ INITIATION OF K-2 POLICY. ¾ PERFECT INSTR OF TERRORISM – INTERNATIONAL REACH . UNDER BENAZIR BHUTTO (1988-90 & 1993-96) ¾ ATTEMPTS TO DOWN SCALE THE STATUS AND ROLE OF ISI VIS A VIS THE IB. ¾ ISI ROLE MARGINALIZED. ¾ IB STR INCR 3 TIMES AND BUDGET 4 TIMES. UNDER NAWAZ SHARIEF (1990-93 & 1996-99) ¾ PRESTIGE OF ORG RESTORED. UNDER GEN MUSHARRAF (1999 – Till Date) ¾ BEST OF TIMES FOR ISI. ¾ LT GEN MEHMOOD AHMED DG ISI - FORMER GOC 10 CORPS (RAWAL PINDI). - MASTER MINDED HIJACKING OF IA FLIGHT IC 814 - KARGIL - 1999. ¾ LT GEN EHSAN -UL -HAQ APPOINTED DG ISI POST 9/11. ¾ LT GEN ASHFAQ PARVEZ KAYANI APPOINTED DG ISI WEF 07 OCT 04. PRESENT ORG OF ISI ISI (DG - LT GEN) DDG (POLITICAL) DDG (EXTERNAL) DDG (ADM & MISC) (MAJ GEN) (MAJ GEN) (MAJ GEN) DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR JT INT (MISC) JT INT (X) JT INT JT INT SIG JT INT DIRECTOR DIRECTOR BUREAU BUREAU NORTH OPS ADM DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR DIRECTOR (SVL) (EXTERNAL (PM SECTT) (ASIA, POLITICAL) EUROPE & MID- EASS)T) DD DD DD DD JT INT COMN PHOTO WIRELESS TECH MONITORING COMN AD AD AD AD AD LABOUR STUDENT POLITICAL TERRORISM VIP SECURITY JOINT INT NORTH OPS BUREAU ADDL DIR SPEC TASK ASSISTANCE FOR COORD CONT OF TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN ACTIVITIES INDIA FOREIGN AFGHAN CELL K CELL I CELL BUREAU JOINT INT MISC ¾ CONDUCTS ESPG IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES ¾ OPs ARE CONTROLLED :- DIRECTLY FROM HEADQUARTERS THROUGH AGENTS INDIRECTLY THROUGH STAFF POSTED ABROAD UNDER COVER ASSIGNMENTS OFFENSIVE INT OPS JOINT INT X ¾ LARGEST WG SERVES AS THE SECTT. ¾ COORD FOR OTHER WGS AND FD ORG. ¾ PREP INT APPRE AND THREAT PERCEPTION. ¾ FINANCIAL AND ADM SP TO THE ORG. SPECIAL WINGS ¾ DEFENCE SERVICES INTELLIGENCE ACADEMY (OJHRI) PROVIDES TRAINING TO ISI CADRES. ¾ MILITARY LIAISON SECTION CLOSE LIAISON WITH OTHER AGENCIES. REP ALL CIV SECURITY AGENCIES, PARA MIL ORG, FEDERAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES AND PASSPORT & IMMIGRATION DTE. ORG OF REGIONAL ISI BUREAU REGIONAL ISI BUREAU CDR - BRIG OPS COORD WG LGS SUPPORT PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPT INCHARGE CO - COL COL LT COL COMPUTER & PUB RELATION OPS STAFF TRG DEPT WPN DEPT SUPPLY WG RECORDS & RELIGION DEPT LT COL LT COL COMN & PROPO- INT UNITS TPT DEPT PUBLICATION RADIO &DISTROF& DISTR OF GANDA DEPT PUBLICITY DEPT MATERIAL TPT BASE WKSP ORG PAK INT UNITS ¾ CORPS INT BN COMMANDED BY COL. ¾ BRICK SYS. ¾ FIU APPROX SEC STR LOC ALONG LC/IB ¾ OP ROLE - OPS AND TAC INT. ¾ IN SP OF TERRORISTS - SPOTTING OF RECTS FOR TRG CAMPS . - ORG GUIDES,TPT ETC FOR TERRORISTS INFILT INTO INDIA . STR AND PERSONNEL ¾ PERS FROM ALL THREE SERVICES ¾ DEPUTATION FROM POLICE, PMF & SPECIALIST UNITS ¾ TOTAL STR APPROXIMATELY 25,000 PAK ISI PSYCHOLOGY PAK ISI PSYCHOLOGY ¾ KEEP INDIA DESTABILISED. NEUTR CONVENTIONAL SUPERIORITY OF INDIAN ARMED FORCES OVER PAK. ¾ KEEP IA OCCUPIED WITH IS DUTIES - TWO EXTRA DIV AT NO COST. ¾ PREVENT INDIA FROM EMERGING AS REGIONAL MIL & ECONOMIC POWER . ¾ WEAKENING OF INDIAN STATE AND SUBVERTING ITS RELATIONS WITH SAARC COUNTRIES . PAK ISI PSYCHOLOGY ¾ LEADERSHIP OF ISLAMIC BLOC WHILE AVOIDING ANY DIRECT CONFRONTATION WITH USA. ¾ NOT TO OFFEND US ON TERRORISM ¾ DJINN. ¾ CATCH 22. ¾ ROLE OF FUNDAMENTALISTS ¾ GIVING THE FUNDAMENTALISTS A HIGHER OBJ. DINN??IA?? CHOUDHARY REHAMAT ALI ¾ AN ISLAMIC COUNTRY – DINIA. - BENGAL, ASSAM - BANG-E-ISLAM. - BIHAR - FARUQISTAN - UP - HAIDARISTAN. - RAJASTHAN - MUINISTAN. - HYDERABAD - OSMANISTAN. - MALABAR - MOPALISTAN. ISI MOTHER OF TERRORISM • DIRECT SP. – JJ.KLF. – HM. – HUA. – HUJI. – HUM. – LET. – JEM. – AL-BADR. • INDIRECT SP. – MAOIST. – NSCN. – UNLF. – PLA. – ULFA. – BLT. FUNDS ¾ DIVERSION OF FOREIGN AID FOR AFGHANISTAN ¾ ZAKAT COLLECTION. ¾ NARCOTICS-TRADE ¾ FAKE CURRENCY RACKETS IN INDIA SAUDI ¾ RELIEF TRUSTS ABROAD OIC ARABIA AMERICA ¾ ARMS DEALS CIA ¾ GOVT FUNDING ISI ISI ACTIVITIES IN COMD THEATRE UTTARANCHAL CENTRAL INDIA NEPAL UTTAR PRADESH BIHAR MADHYA PRADESH JHARKHAND CHATTISGARH ORISSA PECULIARITIES OF CC THEATRE ¾ GEO. ¾ POROUS BORDER WITH NEPAL. ¾ PROXIMITY WITH BANGLADESH. ¾ DEMOGRAPHY. ¾ MAJ THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTIONS • DAR-UL-ULOOM. • MARKAZ –E- DAWA. • MUSLIM PERS LAW BD. • TABLIGH – E – JAMAAT. ¾ POL. ¾ CASTE AND CREED EXPL. ¾ WORST ADMINISTERED STATES. PECULIARITIES OF CC THEATRE ¾ EDN. ¾ ECO. ¾ SENSITIVE MIL/ ORD/ LGS INSTNS IN THE AREA. ¾ VITAL COMN LINKS PASS THROUGH AOR. ¾ NO OF ARMY PERS HAILING FROM THE AREA. FALLOUTS OF PECULIARITIES • SAFE SANCTUARY – PERS, WPNS AND EXPLS. • NURSERY FOR RECT- MADARASAS. • FRACTURED MANDATE OF POL PARTIES . • APPEASEMENT POLICY OF POL PARTIES. • CROSS BORDER MOV OF PERS – RELATIVES / MARRIAGES. FALLOUTS OF PECULIARITIES • WHIP UP COMMUNAL RIOTS – AYODHYA, KRISHNA- JANM-BHOOMI, GYANVYAPI MOSQUE. • MAOISTS, NAXALITES AND PVT ARMIES. FALLOUTS OF PECULIARITIES • FEELING OF INSECURITY. • MOTIVATED AND TRAINED MODULES TO CREATE MAYHEM AT SHORT NOTICE - ANY TIME ANY WHERE. • NEPAL – ARMS, AMN AND EXPL. – COLLECTION OF INT. – FAKE CURRENCY. – EASY ENTRY. 122 NO OF MADARASAS 1000 800 2000 2500 2000 2800 6000 2400 2000 1800 400 2000 1000 1000 600 10000 TOTAL- APPROX FIFTY THOUSAND ISI ACTIVITIES IN UP 2001- AUG 06 YEAR ARRESTS 2001 ISI AGENTS - 4 JEM - 8 LET - 3 HM - 4 2002 ISI AGENTS - 28 JEM - 4 LET - 8 HM - 10 AL BADR - 7 YEAR ARRESTS 2003 ISI AGENTS - 6 JEM - 3 LET - 3 HM - 4 2004 ISI AGENTS - 10 JEM - 7 LET - 6 HM - 1 AL BADR - 4 YEAR ARRESTS 2005 ISI AGENTS - 8 JEM - 3 LET - 14 HM - 1 2006 ISI AGENTS - 10 JEM - 7 LET - 6 HUJI - 4 TOTAL ISI --6666 TERRORISTS - 109 CHANGED MODUS OPERANDI • SMALL CELLS. • AUTONOMOUS. • SELF MOTIVATED. • INNOVATIVE USE OF EXPL DEVICES. • SUICIDE SQUADS. • SELECTION OF TGTS. - MASS DESTRUCTION. - NO HOLD BARS. • USE OF COMN BOOM. • INTERNATIONALISATION. • UNLIMITED FUNDS. • MAFIA NEXUS. COUNTER MEASURES Threat Level Intelligence Officer Commander INTERROGATIVES Who ? How ? What ? Why ? When ? Where ? • Determine existence, nature, and degree of threat • Profile of Tgt. • Recommend specific counter measures to specific threat IM INT SIG INT HUMHUM INT INT INT FUNCTIONS Assess activities • Intelligence Collection Iden grey areas Predict probability • Intelligence Analysis • Intelligence Dissemination Lowest level • Counter Measures Timely SECURITY • SECURITY OF MEN. • SECURITY OF MTRL. • SECURITY OF INFO. • SECURITY OF OPS . PREVENTION (INTELLIGENCE) TARGET CRISIS MGT PHYSICAL SECURITY FOUR STGS OF COUNTER INTELLIGENCE INVESTIGATION AND PROSECUTION • INVESTIGATION HELPS TO FIND OUT OWN WEAKNESSES. • REVEALS MODUS OPERANDI OF THE PERPETRATORS. • EXEMPLARY PUNISHMENT WOULD ACT AS A DETERRENT. COUNTER MEASURES MACRO LEVEL • A COHESIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL POLICY . • CLEAR, CONSISTENT AND DECISIVE DIRECTIONS. • TRANSLATE DIRECTIONS INTO ACTIONS. • COORD OF ALL INT AGENCIES AT VARIOUS LEVELS. • SHED IMAGE OF BEING SOFT STATE . • STRINGENT LAWS, FAST TRACK COURTS, VERDICT WITHIN MONTHS IF NOT WEEKS. • CLOSE CO -OP WITH OTHER COUNTRIES. SHARE INFO, JT OPS, EXTRADITION TREATY. • TERRORISM – LAW AND ORDER PROBLEM. • BETTER TRAINED AND WELL EQUIPPED PMF AND POLICE. • RESPONSIBILITY OF ONE AND ALL – GET UP AND GET COUNTED. COUNTER MEASURES MICRO LEVELS VULNERABLE PERS • BORDER AREAS. • AREAS AFFECTED BY TERRORISM. • PERS WHILE TRAVELLING . • CILQ. • FINANCIAL DEBT. • FOND OF GOOD LIVING. • MORE THAN NORMAL RELIGIOUS LEANINGS. • PEER PRESSURE. • RELATIVES STAYING ABROAD- UAE, SAUDI, PAK. • DEEMS INJUSTICE DONE. • ALTRUISTS. PROFILE OF A PERS INVOVED • REMAINS ALOOF/ EXTRA SOCIAL . • INCREASED VISITORS. • FINANCIAL DEALINGS. • FREQUENT LVE / EXTENSIONS. • TELE CALLS. • STD OF LIVING. • SHIFTY CHARACTER. • HIGH IQ . • EXTRA EFFICIENT. • UNEXPLAINABLE ABSENCE. • WORKING LONG HOURS. • VICES? • MAINT A DIARY. COUNTER MEASURES As offrs, must know the habits of pers under comd. Encourage own tps to promptly report any attempts by a suspicious pers to est links. Discourage clks working after office hours/without supervision Discreet watch on pers asking for lve too frequently. Str ic t cont on reproducti on/ copier ffilitiacilities. Destr of ‘obsolete’ docus be supervised. Check pers known to be financially embarrassed. Use Sainik Sammelans to disseminate en’s modus operandi. • Briefingggp and debriefing of lve parties. • Cultivate confidence of tps in superiors and the system. • Intro Buddy Sys. • Periodical inspections of cl docu be done properly. • Ensure proper handing/taking over drills at all levels. • Incorporate security trg in normal trg. • Surprise checks must be enforced. • Prophylactic svl of pers holding sensitive appts. • Have Unit Security Standing Orders updtddated whenever warranttded. .