NATURAL RESOURCES CONSERVATION AUTHORITY AMBIENT AIR QUALITY GUIDELINE DOCUMENT Prepared for National Environment and Planning Agency 10 Caledonia Avenue Kingston 5 JAMAICA by Claude Davis & Associates 141 Oakhampton Trail Hamilton, ON L9B 0N3 November 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................... 1-1 1.1 SCOPE - WHAT IS INCLUDED IN THIS GUIDELINE DOCUMENT ................1-1 1.1.1 Requirements For Air Quality Assessments..............................................................1-1 1.1.2 Guidelines for Risk Assessments ..............................................................................1-2 1.2 WHO SHOULD DO WHAT?...................................................................................1-2 1.3 REPORT STRUCTURE ...........................................................................................1-2 2. AMBIENT AIR STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES............. 2-1 2.1 STACK EMISSION STANDARDS .........................................................................2-1 2.1.1 Guidance on Sulphur Dioxide Emissions..................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Additional Stack Emission Standards and Targets....................................................2-1 2.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS .............................................................2-8 2.3 BASIS FOR JAMAICA'S PRIORITY AIR POLLUTANT LIST ............................2-8 3. SOURCE ASSESSMENT.......................................................... 3-1 3.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR ESTIMATES OR MEASUREMENTS ............................3-1 3.2 ESTIMATION OF EMISSIONS ..............................................................................3-1 3.2.1 Direct Measurement ..................................................................................................3-2 3.2.2 Manufacturer's Emission Data for Representative Equipment..................................3-2 3.2.3 Mass Balance Calculations........................................................................................3-2 3.2.4 Emission Factor Estimates ........................................................................................3-3 3.2.5 Engineering Calculations ..........................................................................................3-3 3.3 SOURCE TESTING .................................................................................................3-3 3.3.1 General Emission Testing Requirements ..................................................................3-4 3.3.1.1 Testing Consultants...................................................................................................3-4 3.3.1.2 Site Preparation .........................................................................................................3-4 3.3.1.3 Notification of Testing ..............................................................................................3-4 3.3.1.4 Testing of Priority Air Pollutants ..............................................................................3-5 3.3.1.5 Process Operating Conditions ...................................................................................3-5 3.3.2 Stack Test Report Requirements ...............................................................................3-5 4. GUIDELINES FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING .......................................................................... 4-1 4.1 WHEN IS AMBIENT MONITORING REQUIRED?..............................................4-1 Guideline Document i November, 2006 NRCA (Air Quality) Regulations (2006) 4.1.1 Source-Specific Air Quality Monitoring...................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Pre- and Post-Construction Monitoring ....................................................................4-2 4.1.3 Urban Air Quality Monitoring ..................................................................................4-2 4.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING PLAN ................................................4-2 4.3 SITING OF AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS ...................4-3 4.3.1 Classes of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ...............................................4-3 4.3.2 Representative Scales For Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ......................4-4 4.3.3 Siting Criteria for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ...................................4-5 4.3.4 Instrument Enclosure Requirements .........................................................................4-6 4.3.5 Sample Probe Placement Characteristics ..................................................................4-6 4.3.6 Distance From Roadways..........................................................................................4-7 4.4 SITING FOR METEOROLOGICAL MONITORING STATIONS ......................4-10 4.5 NUMBERS OF MONITORING STATIONS.........................................................4-10 4.5.1 Number of stations Near Major facilities ................................................................4-10 4.5.2 Numbers of Monitoring Stations for Other Monitoring Objectives........................4-11 4.6 SAMPLING SCHEDULE AND FREQUENCY ....................................................4-13 4.6.1 Schedule ..................................................................................................................4-13 4.6.2 Sampling Frequency................................................................................................4-13 4.7 REQUIREMENTS FOR CALCULATION OF SUMMARY STATISTICS .........4-13 4.8 MEASUREMENT METHODS ..............................................................................4-14 4.8.1 Measurement Methods for Other Pollutants............................................................4-14 4.9 NETWORK AND SITE DOCUMENTATION......................................................4-15 4.9.1 Network Documentation .........................................................................................4-15 4.9.2 Site Documentation .................................................................................................4-16 4.10 DATA MANAGEMENT........................................................................................4-19 4.10.1 Data Reporting Formats ..........................................................................................4-19 4.10.2 Data Review, Verification and Validation ..............................................................4-25 5. DISPERSION MODELLING................................................... 5-1 5.1 OVERVIEW OF MODELLING REQUIREMENTS ...............................................5-1 5.1.1 Requirements for Screening Modelling.....................................................................5-4 5.1.2 Dispersion Models.....................................................................................................5-6 5.2 GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF SCREENING MODELS ..................................5-6 5.2.1.1 Meteorological Option ..............................................................................................5-8 5.2.1.2 Complex Terrain .......................................................................................................5-8 Guideline Document ii November, 2006 NRCA (Air Quality) Regulations (2006) 5.2.1.3 Conversion to NO2 When Modelling NOx Sources..................................................5-8 5.2.1.4 Adjustment Factors For Averaging Times Other than 1 hour...................................5-8 5.2.1.5 Multiple Sources and Merged Parameters For Multiple Stacks................................5-9 5.3 DETAILED MODELS..............................................................................................5-9 5.3.1 Source Data .............................................................................................................5-10 5.3.1.1 Emission Scenarios .................................................................................................5-10 5.3.1.2 Emission Rates for Surrounding Source Contributions...........................................5-10 5.3.1.3 Modelling Major and Significant Facilities Within or Near to Urban Areas ..........5-12 5.3.2 Building Effects.......................................................................................................5-12 5.3.3 Meteorological Data................................................................................................5-13 5.3.3.1 Replacement of Missing Meteorological Data........................................................5-14 5.3.3.2 Background Concentration Data .............................................................................5-14 5.3.4 Terrain Considerations ............................................................................................5-16 5.3.4.1 Rural/Urban.............................................................................................................5-16 5.3.4.2 Simple, Complex and Intermediate Terrain ............................................................5-16 5.3.5 Receptor Requirements ...........................................................................................5-16 5.4 DISPERSION MODELLING REPORT REQUIREMENTS .................................5-18 6. AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT REPORT REQUIREMENTS..................................................................... 6-1 6.1 AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENTS.............................................................................6-1 6.2 RISK ASSESSMENTS .............................................................................................6-1