Winding Roads and Twisting Cords: The Inca Empire: ~1,100 to 1532 The Inca Empire began in the capitol city of Cuzco, Peru and expanded The Tangled World of Inca Khipu north to present day Ecuador and south to present day Chile and Ar- What is a khipu? gentina. The empire expanded Inca khipus are twisted cords with knots that were used as a recording and communication system in the through military conquest and even- Inca Empire. Khipus are made with a primary cord where pendant cords that are plied and knotted are at- tually ruled over 12 million people. tached. Recent research has suggested that khipus are a logosyllabic system, which means that each sepa- The government constructed an ex- rate symbol stands for a sound, such as “p” in “put.” Formerly, khipus were found to represent mostly nu- tensive road system that stretched merical values for accounting and calendrical purposes. New discoveries, however, are quickly expanding over 40,000 kilometers up, down, our knowledge of this captivating recording system. and across the Andean coast. Top: This is one of the largest ex- tant khipus, and is thought to be a calendrical record. It contains 762 pendant strings, most of which are organized into 24 groups of about 30 pendants. If this khipu is a ca- lendrical record, it probably repre- sents a two-year period. Photo taken by Gary Urton. Retrieved from: <http://khipukamayuq.fas.harvard.edu/KGChachaCalendar.html> Bottom: Left: One of two khipus from the Peruvian village of Collata near Lima. This is one of two khipus that led researchers to believe that khipus could represent a logosyl- labic system. Right: A Close up of colored pen- dant cords on one of two Collata khipus. Photo by Sabine Hyland. Retrieved from: <https://www.sapiens.org/language/khipu-andean-writing/> Photo by Sabine Hyland. Retrieved from: <https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/ inca-khipus-code-discovery-peru/> Poster by Elise Heitmann .