OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE CONTENTS Section 1 Knots and Lashings Section 2 Tent Pitching Section 3 Flagstaff Erection Section 4 Orienteering Section 5 Hurricane Lamp Lighting Section 6 Pioneering Section 7 Campfire Organisation Section 8 Basic Survival Skills Section 9 Song List Page 1 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Knots and Lashings Contents 1. Introduction 5.3. Round Turn and Two Half Hitches 5.4. Timber Hitch 2. Ropes 5.5. Highwayman’s Hitch 2.1. Materials of Rope 5.6. Marlinspike 2.2. Types of Rope 2.3. Maintenance 6. Bends 2.4. Rope Coiling 6.1. Reef Knot 2.5. Whipping 6.2. Sheet Bend 2.6. Parts of Rope 6.3. Fisherman’s Knot 2.7. Useful Points to Remember 7. Shortening Formations 3. Stopper Knots 7.1. Sheepshank 3.1. Thumb Knot (Overhand Knot) 7.2. Chain Knot 3.2. Figure-of-Eight 8. Lashings 4. Loop Knots 8.1. Round Lashing 4.1. Bowline 8.2. Shear Lashing 4.2. Tent-Guy Loop 8.3. Square Lashing 4.3. Manharness 8.4. Diagonal Lashing 4.4. Fireman’s Chair 8.5. Gyn Lashing 5. Hitches 9. Splices 5.1. Clove Hitch 9.1. Back Splice 5.2. Rolling Hitch 9.2. Short Splice 1. Introduction The skill of tying knots and lashings is vital in many NPCC activities, such as pioneering, tying rope obstacles as well as tent pitching. Therefore, it is very important for cadet inspectors to acquire this skill to facilitate their activities. 2. Ropes 2.1. Material of Rope Ropes are made of 3 main materials: 1. Natural Fibre • Hemp, manila, sisal, cotton are some of the natural fibres used in rope construction. • Natural fibre ropes rot easily under harsh sun and wet condition. • The strength of a natural rope is also limited because natural fibres are relatively short. Page 2 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE 2. Synthetic Fibre • Examples of synthetic ropes are nylon (polyamide), polyester, and polypropylene. • Synthetic ropes are stronger and lighter than natural fibres of the same size. • They are more resilient to rot as they absorb less water. 3. Metal Wires 2.2.Types of Ropes There are 2 types of ropes: • Laid rope (Examples like manila hemp) • Braided rope (Example like static climbing rope) 2.3.Maintenance • Keep all ropes away from ultraviolet light and sun as much as possible. • Store all ropes in well-ventilated room. • All ropes should be dry and clean before Storage. • Keep all ropes away from chemicals. 2.4. Coiling of ropes 2.4.1. Simple Coiling Page 3 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 4 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 5 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 6 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 7 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 8 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 9 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 10 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 11 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 12 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 13 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 14 of 15 OUTDOOR DIRECTIVE Page 15 of 15 .