Farmer Participation in Research-for-Development to Enhance Title Cassava Production in Cameroon( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) NJUKWE, KOUOPKWA Emmanuel Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2015-03-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.r12941 Right 許諾条件により本文は2016/04/01に公開 Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Area Studies Farmer Participation in Research-for-Development to Enhance Cassava Production in Cameroon （カメルーンのキャッサバ生産増大をめざす開発研究への農民参加） NJUKWE KOUOPKWA Emmanuel November 2014 A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Area Studies Farmer Participation in Research-for-Development to Enhance Cassava Production in Cameroon （カメルーンのキャッサバ生産増大をめざす開発研究への農民参加） NJUKWE KOUOPKWA Emmanuel November 2014 PREFACE This dissertation on “FARMER PARTICIPATION IN RESEARCH-FOR-DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN CAMEROON” is the result of my research from 2001 to 2012 under researcher and farmer management and involving stakeholders and actors in cassava value chain. With rapid population increase, Cameroon agriculture faces the challenge of producing enough food to meet increasing demand. Cassava is a crop with potential to achieve this demand but has generally unstable yields due to biotic and abiotic constraints. To aid understanding of cassava performance and adoption, this thesis is organized into ten chapters focusing on evaluation, criteria for variety preference with associated technologies to enhance production. Compilation and presentation of results from this study was with support of the Japanese Government through Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Ronpaku Fellowship Program. In recognition of dedicated support to my studies, this thesis is dedicated to my sister Mrs. Henriette NGONGA. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to extend my profound gratitude and sincere appreciation to the Japanese Government through the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Ronpaku Fellowship Program for granting me this scholarship and the opportunity to compile and present results of this study. Thanks also go to Kyoto University of Japan for hosting me and to the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) for scientific and technical support and for offering me study permission to accomplish this study. This thesis won’t have been achieved without the support of many and I would like to express my profound gratitude to the following: Mrs. Irene Samou Njukwe for her love, care and concern to me and children; Ryan, Ketsie, Leslie and Blessing. Prof. Dr. Shigeru Araki, my PhD host advisor at Kyoto University for his concern, guidance, encouragement, constructive criticisms and simplicity that kept me in an enabling study environment. Dr. Rachid Hanna, my home advisor at IITA for his constructive comments, guidance and suggestions throughout this work. Prof. Dr. Hiroki Inaizumi (Tokyo University of Agriculture), Dr. Juichi Itani (Kyoto University) and Dr. Shuichi Oyama (Kyoto University), members of examination committee for reviewing and providing constructive comments, contribution and recommendations. Dr. Papa Saliou Sarr of Kyoto University for his hospitality and friendly support in data analysis and chapters review. Dr. Abdou Tenkouano of AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center, Dr. Alfred Dixon and Dr. Robert Asiedu of IITA to have guided my early steps in research. Dr. Bernard Vanlauwe, Dr. Victor Manyong and Dr. Piet VanAsten of IITA for their constructive comments, guidance and support in my research carrier. Dr. Stefan Hauser, Dr. James Legg, Dr. Peter Kulakow, Dr. Nzola Mahungu, Dr. Abass Adebayo, Dr. Maziya-Dixon Bussie, Dr. Pheneas Ntawuruhunga, Dr. Edward Kanju of IITA for sharing their knowledge and ideas on cassava production and value chain with me. iii Mrs. Delphine Amah, Rose Ndango, Victorine Fornkwa, Edward Ngallame, Armand Doumtsop and Dr. Apollin Fotso of IITA Cameroon for technical assistance and Mr. Yacoubou Aboubakar for administrative support. All Cameroonian and African friends with whom I spent the most memorable time during my visits in Japan. All Japanese friends and colleagues for keeping me company while in Japan and for providing assistance whenever needed and interpretation during weekly seminar series. All my colleagues in IITA especially those in Burundi and Bukavu office for their help and support during my absence on study permission. Lastly to my mother Mefeu Sepgang Elizabeth and my sisters, brothers, nephews, nieces, cousins, uncles, aunty, in-laws, friends and neighbors for their love and moral support with thanks to Mr. Vincent Ngonga. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE..………………………………………………………………………………………ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………………………………...iii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………… ……………………………………………v LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………x LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………..……..xiii ABSTRACT……….…………………………………………………………………………….xv LIST OF ACRONYMS………………………………………………………………………xviii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.i. Cassava introduction in Africa ......................................................................................... 1 1.ii. Cassava in Cameroon ....................................................................................................... 1 1.iii. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Strategy for cassava development ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.iv. Issues to be tackled during implementation period ......................................................... 3 1.iv.i. Poor rate of adoption ................................................................................................. 3 1.iv.ii. Meet local farmers need ............................................................................................ 4 1.v. Objective of the research ................................................................................................ 5 1.vi. Composition of chapters .................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER 2: AGRICULTURE IN CAMEROON AND CASSAVA SUB-SECTOR 2.i. Cameroon ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.i.i. Soils ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.i.ii. Ecology and Climate .................................................................................................. 8 2.ii. Agriculture in Cameroon ................................................................................................ 10 2.ii.i. Cassava cropping systems .............................................................................................. 12 2.iii. National initiatives (PNDRT and PIDMA) in the cassava sector .................................. 12 2.iii.i. National Program for Roots and Tubers Development (PNDRT) .......................... 12 2.iii.ii. Agriculture Investment and Market Development Program (PIDMA) .................. 13 2.iv. Cassava as potential crop to alleviate food crisis .......................................................... 14 2.v. Modes of consumption .................................................................................................... 15 2.v.i. Cassava root based foods ......................................................................................... 15 2.v.ii. Cassava starch consumption and marketing ............................................................ 15 v 2.vi. Cassava and its challenges ............................................................................................. 15 2.vi.i. Varietal factors......................................................................................................... 15 2.vi.ii. Agronomic factors .................................................................................................. 16 2.vi.iii. Socioeconomic factors........................................................................................... 16 2.vi.iv. Environmental factors ............................................................................................ 16 CHAPTER 3: ON-STATION EVALUATION OF CASSAVA 3.i. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 19 3.ii. Materials and Methods .................................................................................................... 20 3.ii.i. Study site ................................................................................................................ 20 3.ii.ii. Experimental layout................................................................................................ 20 3.ii.iii. Disease evaluation ................................................................................................. 21 3.ii.iv. Farmers’ participation........................................................................................... 21 3.ii.v. Data collection at harvest and statistical analysis ................................................. 21 3.iii. Results and Discussion ..................................................................................................... 21 3.iii.i. Observation Nursery (ON) in 2001 ....................................................................... 21 3.iii.ii. Preliminary Yield Trials (PYT) in 2002............................................................... 22 3.iii.iii.