The Tudors 1485 -1503 The Tudors • What do you already know? Henry VII Henry VIII Edward I 1485 - 1509 1509 - 1547 1547 - 1553 Click on the monarch (King or Queen), you would like to know more about. Lady Jane Grey Mary I Elizabeth I The Nine Day’s Queen 1553 - 1558 1559 - 1603 Henry VII 1485 -1509 My name is Henry Tudor. I was 28 years old when I came to power. I defeated the Yorkist King, Richard III on 22nd August 1485, in the Battle of Bosworth Field. My victory in battle ended the War of The Roses. I was crowned Henry VII of England. To help me reign in peace I married Elizabeth of York who was Richard III niece. Click on me to hear me speak Back to monarchs Next – his children Henry VII 1485 -1509 Elizabeth (my wife) gave birth to seven children. I was very proud because she gave me a son and heir to my throne. His name was Arthur. I arranged for Arthur to marry a Spanish Princess called Catherine of Aragon. They married when Arthur was 16. A year later Arthur died leaving Catherine a young widow in a foreign country. I was also proud of my daughter Margaret. She was married to James IV of Scotland. So now I had two allies in Spain and Scotland. I died on April 22nd 1509 aged 52. Click on me to hear me speak Back to monarchs Tudor Family Tree Henry VIII 1509 - 1547 I did not expect to become King. My older brother Arthur was heir. But when Arthur died before my father I was next in line. In my youth I was strong, handsome and fond of learning. I was very popular with my subjects. I enjoyed dancing, music, and lots of company. As I got older I became fat and ill. Because I did not feel well I became bad tempered. I had sores on my legs which made me smell. I am most famous for having six wives Click on me to hear me speak Back to monarchs Next – His wives Henry VIII 1509 - 1547 Catherine of Aragon - Divorced Anne Boleyn - Beheaded Jane Seymour - Died Anne of Cleves - Divorced Catherine Howard - Beheaded Catherine Parr - Survived Church of England Back to monarchs Edward VI 1547 -1553 I am Edward, the son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour. When Henry VIII died I was only nine. I was considered too young to rule alone. My uncle, the Duke of Somerset (Edward Seymour) was named Lord Protector. He ruled in my name until I reached the age of 16. During my reign huge reforms Click on me to hear me speak were made to the English Church. Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs Next – More Edward Edward VI 1547 -1553 I was brought up as a Protestant. I changed the Church of England by: • Removing paintings, statues and stained glass windows • Holding services in English instead of Latin • Introducing an official English Prayer Book. When I became ill people worried about who was next in line to the throne. People did not want Mary to rule because she was Catholic. I chose my cousin’s daughter, Lady Jane Grey as heir to the throne. Click on me to hear me speak Edward VI died aged 16. Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs Lady Jane Grey: The nine day queen When Edward VI died in 1553, the Duke of Northumberland, my supporter immediately declared me Queen. Mary, Edward’s sister, was angered when she heard the news. Mary gathered together her supporters and marched to London. Mary forced the Duke to surrender. She executed the Duke, myself and my husband. I had been Queen for nine days Click on me to hear me speak Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs Mary I 1553 - 1558 When my brother Edward VI died I was horrified to hear that my cousin’s daughter, Lady Jane, had laid claim to my throne. I was the rightful heir to the throne. My mother Catherine of Aragon was Henry’s first wife and I was his first born child. I gathered my troops and marched to London. Once I had defeated my cousin and her supporters I began my mission to reform England back to the Catholic country it should be. I looked for a Catholic Prince who would give England strength. I chose Prince Phillip of Spain. Click on me to hear me speak Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs More about Mary Mary I 1553 - 1558 Because I am Catholic, I completely undid all the religious changes made by Henry VIII and Edward VI. • I apologised to the Pope and made him head of the English church. • I released all the Catholic priests from prison. • I imprisoned the Protestant clergy • I burned over 300 Protestants including women and children alive at the stake By the end of my reign I was known as Bloody Mary. I was hated so much that people cheered at the news of my death. People celebrated for years to come on the anniversary of my death. Click on me to hear me speak Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs Elizabeth I 1559 -1603 Hello, I’m Elizabeth. My mother was Anne Boleyn. She was executed before I was three years old. When my father died in 1547 I moved to live with his widow Catherine Parr. When my brother Edward died without leaving an heir many people thought that I should be Queen. However I had to wait and allow my sister Mary to rule first. Many men have asked me to marry them but I am married to England. Some people call me ‘the Virgin Queen’ because I never married. Click on me to hear me speak Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs More about Elizabeth Elizabeth I 1559 -1603 When Elizabeth came to power in 1559 the people welcomed her. Bloody Mary’s reign was over. Elizabeth was determined to make England the most powerful country in the world. She encouraged explorers, conquerors and adventurers. These people managed to claim much of the new world for England. She was very intelligent, spoke many languages and was a clever politician. Elizabeth made England Protestant again but unlike her brother and sister she was more tolerant of other beliefs Click on me to hear me speak Other famous Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs Elizabethans Sir Francis Drake - Explorer Many people in Tudor times still believed that the earth was flat. Drake was the first Englishman to circumnavigate (go all around) the globe (world). The Spanish feared him so much that they called him "El Draque", or "The Dragon". He was a successful pirate and one of the most renowned seamen in all history. He sneaked into the Spanish port, Cadiz, and sank most of the Spanish ships that were about to leave Spain to attack England. He helped defeat the Spanish Armada off the southern coast of England in 1588. Click on me to hear me speak More Famous Elizabethans Sir Walter Raleigh - Explorer According to myth Raleigh gained favour with Queen Elizabeth by laying down his cloak over a puddle, so that she would not get her feet wet. He fought in the Queen’s name against the Irish. In return for his victories Elizabeth rewarded him with a large estate in Ireland. He ran a fleet of ships to America and 1587, he discovered and named the state of Virginia, after Elizabeth ‘the Virgin Queen’. Raleigh fought in the Spanish Armada. Raleigh and a fellow seaman John Hawkins introduced potatoes and tobacco to England. Click on me to hear me speak More Famous Elizabethans William Shakespeare - Writer Shakespeare is the most famous playwright of all time. He lived in Stratford-upon-Avon during Elizabeth I reign. He wrote many famous plays including Romeo and Juliet, The Tempest and A Midsummer’s Night Dream. Shakespeare’s plays were performed all over Britain. One of the most famous venues was the Globe Theatre in London. He died April 23rd 1616 at the age of 52. His tombstone reads: The Globe Good friend for Jesus sake forbear Theatre To dig the dust enclosed here! Blest be the man that spares these stones, And curst be he that moves my bones Click on me to hear me speak More Famous Elizabethans Mary Queen of Scots Mary was the daughter of King James V of Scotland. He died a week after her birth, so she became Queen at only a few days old. She was brought up in France for her own safety. In France she worshipped as a Catholic. When she returned to Scotland in 1561, Elizabeth I (a Protestant) was on the English throne. English Catholics believed that Mary had a better claim to the throne. They plotted to kill Elizabeth. Elizabeth found out about the plan. Mary was arrested and beheaded in 1587. Click on me to hear me speak Tudor Family Tree Back to monarchs More Famous Elizabethans Catherine of Aragon: Married June 11 1509, divorced May 23, 1533 Catherine of Aragon was a Spanish princess. The youngest child of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. She married Arthur the eldest son of Henry VII, aged 16. When Arthur died she married his brother Henry VIII. Henry and Catherine married in 1509 and were crowned King and Queen of England. Now all Catherine had to do was provide Henry with the male heir to the throne. Catherine gave birth to many children but only one survived infancy. This was Mary I. Henry wanted a son, so when in 1533 Catherine Click on me to hear me speak became too old for child bearing he divorced her.