Energizing Africa: Achievements and Lessons from the Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program (AFREA) Phase I Africa Renewable Energy and Access Program (AFREA) Photo (above): Isabel Neto Cover photo: Stephanie Nsom Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations . 5 The African Energy Challenge . 7 . AFREA Phase I . .11 . Lighting Africa . 15 Background . .15 . Solar Lighting Products . 16 Who Benefits from Lighting Africa? . 16. Impacts . 16 . Lessons Learned . 17 Biomass Energy Initiative and Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions . 19 Biomass Energy Initiative (BEIA) for Africa . 19. BEIA Pilot Projects . 19 Outcomes of BEIA Projects . 20 Impacts . .20 . Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) . .21 . Focus on Market Transformation . 21 . Importance of Knowledge Management . 21 . ACCES Activities under AFREA I . 21 . Impacts . 22 . The Rwanda SWAp . 25 Setting Up the SWAp . 25 Implementing the SWAp . .25 . AFREA: Making Green Connections . 26 . Generating Results . 26 Reaping the Impacts . 26. Learning from the SWAp . 27 . Table of Contents 1 Gender and Energy Program . .29 . Gender and Energy Up Close . 29 . Lessons Learned . 30 Africa Electrification Initiative . .33 . Activities Carried Out under AEI . 33 Lessons Learned . 35 Conclusion: AFREA Phase IA Foundation for Progress . 37. Boxes Box 1: Senegal’s Solar Lantern Library . 11 Box 2: Setting Quality Standards for Solar Lighting Devices . 16 Box 3: Kenyan Flower Workers Given Credit to Access Clean Lighting . 17 . Box 4: Scaling Up Biodiesel Production Transforms a Community in Kenya . 20. Box 5: Establishing a Comprehensive Quality Assurance and Technical Support System for Cookstoves . 22. Box 6: Benefits of the Rwanda SWAp Go beyond the Numbers . .27 . Box 7: Tambacounda’s Hero . 30 . Box 8: Tanzanian Women Turn Manure into Financial Opportunities . .31 . Box 9: Rwanda SWAp—A Model for Other Countries . 38. Box A-1: Rehabilitating the Hydro Plant in Yandahun . 42 Tables/Figures Table 1: Regional and Country-Specific AFREA I Projects and Disbursements (in US$) . 12. Figure 1: Access Across Developing Regions . .7 . Figure 2: Access to Electricity in Africa . 8 . Figure A2.1: AFREA I—Disbursements by Regional Activity . 45 . Figure A2.2: AFREA I—Disbursements by Country-Specific Activity . 45 2 Energizing Africa: Achievements and Lessons from AFREA Phase I Annex 1: Other AFREA Phase I Activities 40 Africa: Decision Toolkit for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) . 40. Africa: Energy Access Scale-up Plan Consultations . 40 West African: Renewable Energy Education Project (REEP) . 40. Nigeria: Climate Change Implications for Growth in the Nonoil Sector . 41 South Africa: Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Incentives . 41 Liberia: Catalyzing New Renewable Energy . 42 . Rwanda: GEF Sustainable Energy Development Project . 43 Mali: Energy Access for Productive Uses . 43. Benin: Modernization of Biomass Energy Services . 43. Annex 2: AFREA I Activities . 45. Annex 3: AFREA I Outputs by Project . .46 . Africa Renewable Energy Access Program (AFREA) . 46. Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions (ACCES) . 46. Africa Electrification Initiative (AEI) . 46 . Africa Energy Access Scale-Up Plan Consultations . 48 . Biomass Energy Initiative for Africa (BEIA) . 48. Capacity Upgrading for West African Partners in Renewable Energy Education Project (REEP) . .48 . Concentrated Solar Power in South Africa . 49 Decision Toolkit for Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) . 49 Gender and Energy in Africa . 49 . Lighting Africa . 50 . Nigeria Climate Change Assessment . 51. Rwanda: Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) . 51 Rwanda Sustainable Energy Capacity Development Project . 51 . Modernizing Biomass Energy Services in Benin . .51 . Catalyzing New Renewable Energy in Rural Liberia (Phase I) . 51 Annex 4: World Bank Group Lending Operations Influenced by AFREA, FY2010–2014 . 52 Table of Contents 3 Photo:4 Energizing Mitsunori Motohashi Africa: Achievements and Lessons from AFREA Phase I Acronyms and Abbreviations ACCES Africa Clean Cooking Energy Solutions IFC International Finance Corporation AEI African Electrification Initiative km kilometer AFREA Africa Renewable Energy and Access KNUST Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology BEIA Biomass Energy Initiative for Africa kW kilowatt CEIF Clean Energy Investment Framework kWh kilowatt-hour CO2 carbon dioxide LED light-emitting diode CSP concentrating solar power LG-QTM Lighting Global Quality Test Method CST concentrating solar thermal LLL Lighting Lives in Liberia DIY do-it-yourself LPG liquefied petroleum gas EARP Electricity Access Rollout Program MW megawatt ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States NEAP National Electrification Access Program ESMAP Energy Sector Management Assessment NGO nongovernmental organization Program PROGEDE II Second Sustainable and Participatory FiT feed-in tariff Energy Management Project FY fiscal year PV photovoltaic GEF Global Environment Facility QA&TS quality assurance and technical support GIS geographic information system RREA Rural and Renewable Energy Agency GIZ German Federal Enterprise for SE4All Sustainable Energy for All International Cooperation SSA Sub-Saharan Africa IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction SWAp sector-wide approach and Development SWER single-wire earth return IDA International Development Association SWS shield wire scheme IEC International Electrotechnical Commission UN SG United Nations Secretary-General Acronyms and Abbreviations 5 Sustainable energy can revitalize our economies, strengthen social equity, and catalyze a clean energy revolution that benefits all humanity. Acting together, we can open new horizons today and help power a brighter tomorrow. —United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon Photo:6 Energizing Isabel Neto Africa: Achievements and Lessons from AFREA Phase I The African Energy Challenge ccess to energy and economic development go FIGURE 1: ACCESS ACROSS DEVELOPING REGIONS Ahand in hand. Improving electricity supply and distribution boosts economic growth, creates jobs, and 100 expands the reach of educational and health services. It 600 without Access Population can also empower women, providing income-generating 80 opportunities and enabling them to spend their time 60 400 more productively. 40 Unfortunately, more than 589 million people in Sub- 200 Saharan Africa (SSA) live without access to electricity: Percent with Access 20 only 35 percent of the population in SSA has access, 0 0 compared with 96 and 78 percent in East Asia Pacific and EAP ECA LAC MENA SA SSA South Asia, respectively (Figure 1). For most Africans, % of total population with access to electricity 2012 electric power is inaccessible, unaffordable, or unreli- Population without access (million) 2012 able. The lack of both quality energy services and access to modern sources of fuel—such as natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel, and biofuels— traps them in a world of poverty. The World Bank Group’s engagement in the energy sector is designed to help client countries secure the af- This inaccessibility to modern energy in SSA touches fordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supply needed all sectors of society—health clinics cannot refrigerate to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. vaccines, students find it difficult to read after dark, The Bank’s approach mirrors the objectives of the and businesses have shorter operating hours (see Sustainable Energy for All (SE4All) initiative—achieving also Figure 2). Even Africans with modern energy face universal access, accelerating improvements in energy unreliable and unpredictable supplies for which they efficiency, and doubling the global share of renewable must pay high prices. energy by 2030. The Bank recognizes that each country determines its own path for achieving its energy Currently, the energy sector of SSA meets neither aspirations: each country’s sustainable energy transition the needs nor the aspirations of its citizens. Africa’s involves a unique mix of opportunities and challenges, development challenges will become even more prompting different emphases on access, efficiency and daunting as population growth in many SSA countries renewables. is projected to outpace electrification efforts. If current trends continue, electrification rates will grow from 35 to 51 percent, but the absolute deficit of people without electricity will also grow from its 2012 level of 589 million to over 645 million by 2030. Clearly, action is needed to accelerate electrification beyond its business- as-usual pace. African Energy Challenge 7 FIGURE 2: ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY IN AFRICA Tunisia Morocco Algeria Libya Arab Rep. Western of Egypt Sahara Cabo Mauritania Verde Mali Niger Senegal Sudan Eritrea The Gambia Chad Burkina Faso Guinea-Bissau Guinea Benin Nigeria Côte Ethiopia Sierra Leone d’Ivoire Ghana Central African South Sudan Republic Liberia Somalia Togo Cameroon Equatorial Guinea Uganda São Tomé and Princípe Kenya Gabon Congo Rwanda Dem. Rep. of Burundi Congo Tanzania Seychelles Comoros Angola Malawi Share of population with access to electricity Zambia > 75% 50% – 75% Mozambique Zimbabwe Madagascar Mauritius 25% – 49% Namibia < 25% Botswana Swaziland South Lesotho Africa IBRD 40564 | APRIL 2015 This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank GSDPM Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any Map Design Unit endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Africa