Operating Instructions for the AFCBP1 Bipotentiostat from Pine Instrument Company Grove City, Pennsylvania ã Copyright 1995 by Pine Instrument Company All Rights Reserved Manual: LMCBP1H Revision: 000 Date: January 1995 Pine Instrument Company Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1 Features ...................................................................................................................................................................1 Multi-Purpose Potentiostat and Galvanostat ........................................................................................................1 Analog Sweep Generator......................................................................................................................................1 Flexible Voltage Control......................................................................................................................................1 Current Conversion ..............................................................................................................................................1 Front Panel Voltmeter ..........................................................................................................................................2 Overload Indicator ...............................................................................................................................................2 Front Panel Connections ......................................................................................................................................2 Dummy Cell .........................................................................................................................................................2 Warranty .................................................................................................................................................................2 Scope of this Manual...............................................................................................................................................2 Setting Up the System.............................................................................................................................................2 Inspection .............................................................................................................................................................2 Installation............................................................................................................................................................3 Setting the Proper Line Input Voltage..................................................................................................................3 Testing..................................................................................................................................................................3 THE FRONT PANEL .......................................................................................................4 General Controls.....................................................................................................................................................4 Electrode Connections ............................................................................................................................................6 Sweep Generator.....................................................................................................................................................7 Using the Sweep Output.......................................................................................................................................8 Adjusting the Sweep Limits..................................................................................................................................8 Adjusting the Sweep Rate.....................................................................................................................................9 Adjusting the Initial Potential...............................................................................................................................9 Zeroing the Sweep Output..................................................................................................................................10 Manual Adjustment of the Sweep Output...........................................................................................................10 Moving the Sweep Output to a Limit Potential ..................................................................................................10 Starting and Stopping the Sweep........................................................................................................................11 Setting the Sweep Direction ...............................................................................................................................11 Stopping at a Limit Potential..............................................................................................................................11 Electrode Controls ................................................................................................................................................12 Applying an Offset Potential ..............................................................................................................................12 Applying a Potential Sweep ...............................................................................................................................12 The Current Converter........................................................................................................................................13 Signal Connections.............................................................................................................................................13 Voltmeter ...............................................................................................................................................................14 SIGNAL CONNECTIONS..............................................................................................15 INSTRUMENT CONTROLS ..........................................................................................18 EXPERIMENTAL VOLTAMMETRY ..............................................................................21 General Experimental Apparatus........................................................................................................................22 Controlled Potential Techniques .........................................................................................................................22 ii Pine Instrument Company Potential Sweep Methods ...................................................................................................................................23 Experiment (Cyclic Voltammetry).................................................................................................................24 Potential Step Methods.......................................................................................................................................26 Hydrodynamic Methods .....................................................................................................................................27 Controlled Current Methods ...............................................................................................................................28 Constant Current Chronopotentiometry..............................................................................................................29 Current Ramp Chronopotentiometry ..................................................................................................................30 Other Galvanostatic Methods.............................................................................................................................30 Open Loop Potentials ...........................................................................................................................................30 Four Electrode Arrangements .............................................................................................................................32 Two Electrode Arrangements ..............................................................................................................................35 Proper Grounding.................................................................................................................................................35 Oscillations.........................................................................................................................................................36 TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................................37 Testing the Sweep Generator...............................................................................................................................37 Testing an Electrode Unit (K1 or K2) .................................................................................................................38 Further Troubleshooting......................................................................................................................................39 TECHNICAL INFORMATION........................................................................................42 Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................................42