WPAN Wireless Personal Area Network TSKS03 Wireless Systems, Lecture 9 Mikael Olofsson, spring 2010 WPAN-like Systems PAN: Personal Area Network. Small, within a few meters. WPAN: Wireless PAN. Mostly short-range, low-power, low- rate networks. More or less self-organizing. • IrDA – Infrared Data Association • UWB – Ultra Wide Band • Z-Wave – Remote control • Bluetooth – Short range network • ZigBee – Short range network IrDA – Infrared Data Association • Medium: Infrared light • Range: Approximately 1m. • Direction: Directed within at least ±15 degrees. • Datarate: 2.4 kb/s to 16 Mb/s • Point-to-point Requires line-of-sight. IrDA was popular on laptops and some desktops during the late 90s through the early 2000s. Replaced by Bluetooth and WiFi. IrDA – Infrared Data Association Blandade anteckningar från internet. Wikipedia: • medical instrumentation, • test and measurement equipment, • palmtop computers, • mobile phones, • laptop computers UWB – Ultra Wide Band • Medium: Radio • Small low-power networks. • Uses at least 500MHz of bandwidth. (528 MHz) • Datarate: Up to 480 Mb/s • Rate 1/3 convolutional code with various puncturing schemes. • Modulation: QPSK and 16-QAM. Used with OFDM. • Frequency bands: 14 bands between 3.1 – 10.6 GHz. • Power control: Yes. Z-Wave • Medium: Radio • Very low-rate communication for in-door use, primarily remote control. • Frequency band: Uses the 900 MHz ISM-bands (varies between countries). Less interference than for systems in the 2.4 GHz band. • Datarate: 9.6 kb/s or 40 kb/s • Modulation: GFSK • Range: 30m (line-of-sight) • Max power: 1mW (USA), 25 mW (Europe) • Topology: Mesh network (no master node). Bluetooth Named after Harald Blåtand (Bluetooth), king of Denmark and later also Norway, dead 986 or 987. United and connected Denmark and Norway. • Medium: Radio • Small low-power, low-rate, networks. • Frequency band: 2.4 GHz band. • Based on IEEE 802.15.1 • Three classes: 1: 100mW, 100m 2: 2.5mW, 10m 3: 1mW, 1m • Datarates: Up to 3 Mb/s • Access-method: FH-CDMA – with collisions • Modulation: GFSK, PSK, DQPSK, 8-DPSK. ZigBee • Medium: Radio • Based on IEEE 802.15.4-2003. • Self-organizing ad-hoc network. • Frequency bands: 868 MHz with BPSK and 20 kb/s 915 MHz with BPSK and 40 kb/s 2.4 GHz with QPSK and 250 kb/s • Range: 10-75 m. • Spread spectrum: FH-CDMA • Access method: CSMA/CA (carrier sense multiple access/collision avoidance) The OSI Model Sender side Receiver side Sending application. Application Layer Receiving application. Representation of data, such as Inverse representation mapping. encryption. Presentation Layer Negotiates starting and stopping Negotiates starting and stopping sessions. Session Layer sessions. Translates a whole message into Reassembles a whole message from packets. Transport Layer packets. Routing packets. Network Layer Reassembling packets. Takes a bitstream as input and Translates packets into a bitstream. Data Link Layer delivers packets as output. Translates a bitstream into a signal Translates received signal into a accepted by the channel. Physical Layer bitstream. The actual physical channel IEEE 802 Standards Overview Network Layer 802.2 Logical Link Data Link 802.10 Security 802.1 Bridging Layer 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC Architecture 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 Physical 802 Overview and 802.1 Management PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY Layer CSMA/CD Token Ring Integrated Demand WiMAX Services Priority Token Bus Distributed WLAN Bluetooth Queue and Token Bus ZigBee IEEE 802 Standards Overview Network Layer 802.2 Logical Link Data Link 802.10 Security 802.1 Bridging Layer 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC Architecture 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 Physical 802 Overview and 802.1 Management PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY Layer CSMA/CD Token Ring Integrated Demand WiMAX Services Priority Token Bus Distributed WLAN Bluetooth Queue and Token Bus ZigBee IEEE 802 Standards Overview Network Layer 802.2 Logical Link Data Link 802.10 Security 802.1 Bridging Layer 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC Architecture 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 Physical 802 Overview and 802.1 Management PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY Layer CSMA/CD Token Ring Integrated Demand WiMAX Services Priority Token Bus Distributed WLAN Bluetooth Queue and Token Bus ZigBee IEEE 802 Standards Overview Network Layer 802.2 Logical Link Data Link 802.10 Security 802.1 Bridging Layer 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC MAC Architecture 802.3 802.4 802.5 802.6 802.9 802.11 802.12 802.15 802.16 Physical 802 Overview and 802.1 Management PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY PHY Layer CSMA/CD Token Ring Integrated Demand WiMAX Services Priority Token Bus Distributed WLAN Bluetooth Queue and Token Bus ZigBee Is Bluetooth only for headphones? It is a Wireless Network for Short Range Communication Bluetooth Applications Wireless keyboards Bluetooth Applications Handy mobile phones Bluetooth Applications In-car communication Bluetooth Applications Bar-code scanners IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Three power classes for different ranges. Approx range 100 m 10 m 1 m c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Modulation: GFSK, Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Error Control Coding 1: Headers and data Headers Payload (3,1,3) Repetition Code (15,10,4) Shortened Hamming Code c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Error Control Coding 2: CRC – Cyclic Redundancy Check for ARQ c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 IEEE 802.15.1 - Bluetooth Timing c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.1-2002 Bluetooth Topology Bluetooth Piconet Master Slave - Active Parked - Inactive Stand-By - Disconnected Bluetooth Topology Bluetooth Scatternet Master Slave Parked Stand-By IEEE 802.15.2 - Coexistence …with other 2.4 GHz technologies Timing issues Interference … IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed Overview of Modulation, Coding and Rates c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed TCM – Trellis Coded Modulation The output of the convolutional encoder chooses signal points. c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed Trellises c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed Trellises 0 c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.3 – High Speed Trellises c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.3-2003 IEEE 802.15.4 - ZigBee Overview c.f. IEEE Standard 802.15.4-2006 ZigBee Applications Wireless Sensor Networks ZigBee Applications Agricultural Sensor Networks ZigBee Applications Medical Sensor Networks for patient surveillance ZigBee Topology One coordinator, the rest is more or less arbitrary. Star Mesh Coordinator Router Cluster End node.