Popular Responses to the "Reformation from Without" in the Pays de Vaud Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Blakeley, James Joseph Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 29/09/2021 02:12:48 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194793 1 POPULAR RESPONSES TO THE “REFORMATION FROM WITHOUT” IN THE PAYS DE VAUD by James Joseph Blakeley Copyright © James Joseph Blakeley 2006 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2006 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by James Joseph Blakeley entitled “Popular Responses to the ‘Reformation from Without’ in the Pays de Vaud and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: August 17, 2006 Susan C. Karant-Nunn _______________________________________________________________________ Date: August 17, 2006 Helen Nader _______________________________________________________________________ Date: August 17, 2006 Alan E. Bernstein Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the Graduate College. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. ________________________________________________ Date: August 17, 2006 Dissertation Director: (Susan C. Karant-Nunn) 3 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. Signed: James Joseph Blakeley 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have incurred many debts of gratitude during my graduate studies. Most importantly, I wish to thank Professor Susan C. Karant-Nunn for her unflagging support during my years at Portland State University and at the University of Arizona. She has provided countless hours of assistance and guidance. I am deeply honored that she has been my dissertation advisor. I also wish to thank Professors Helen Nader and Alan Bernstein. I am also grateful to Professor Frederick Nunn. In addition, I would like to thank the Fulbright Commission (2003) for providing the funds that allowed me to conduct research for one year in Switzerland. In particular, I would like to thank Professors Peter Blickle (Bern), Kaspar von Greyerz (Basel), Mario Turchetti (Fribourg), and Karl Pfaff (Fribourg) for their suggestions. I wish to thank Professor Carlos M. N. Eire (Yale) and Professor Charles Zika (Melbourne). Their observations deepened my thinking and pointed me in new directions. Finally, I wish to acknowledge my friends and family. I am particularly grateful to my parents-in-law Jean and Thérèse Bondallaz, and my mother who got me interested in history and encouraged me along the way. Most especially, I thank my wife, Monique Blakeley, for her love, support, and gentle words of encouragement. 5 DEDICATION To Monique, Emma, and Claire 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................... 8 ABSTRACT............................................................................................................. 9 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 10 Brief Historiography ............................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND.............................................................................. 37 The Burgundian Wars.......................................................................................... 39 Measures Taken by the Estates of Vaud to Halt the Spread of the Reformation................................................................................... 45 Religious Discontent on the Eve of the Conquest ............................................... 49 Preaching the Reformation in Vaud before the Conquest ................................... 51 The Reformation in Bern ..................................................................................... 57 The Final Conflict before the Conquest............................................................... 62 CHAPTER 2: EARLY EFFORTS AT PERSUASION IN THE COMMON LORDSHIPS AND FOUR BAILIWICKS..................................................................................... 73 Preaching in the Common Lordships................................................................... 87 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 100 CHAPTER 3: RESISTING THE REFORMATION IN RURAL COMMUNITIES BEFORE THE CONQUEST ................................................................................... 102 Dividing Communities......................................................................................... 115 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 125 CHAPTER 4: THE CONQUEST OF THE PAYS DE VAUD IN 1536................. 127 Taking the Land with the Sword, Holding it by the Grace of God...................... 131 Converting Catholic Communities ...................................................................... 137 Fribourg’s Response ............................................................................................ 144 Consequences of the Conquest ............................................................................ 150 CHAPTER 5: THE REFORMATION FROM WITHOUT: IMPORTING “FOREIGN” CLERGY.................................................................................................................. 152 The Catholic Clergy on the Eve of the Conquest ................................................ 154 The Disputation of Lausanne............................................................................... 157 Clerical Resistance to the Reformation Mandates............................................... 178 CHAPTER 6: BUILDING THE REFORMED PASTORATE ............................... 183 Providing for the Pastors...................................................................................... 187 New Ecclesiastical Structures and Institutions .................................................... 195 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS - Continued As Is the Pastor, So Are the People; As Are the People, So Is the Pastor........... 208 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 220 CHAPTER 7: THE CONVERSION OF THE RURAL POPULACE..................... 222 Mandating Reform: The Religious Edicts of October and December 1536........ 226 The Continuation of Catholic Practices by Individual Common Men and Women.................................................................................................. 251 Crossing the Confessional Boundaries: Attending Mass at Home and Abroad .. 255 Baptism ................................................................................................................ 261 Festive Holidays and the Liturgical/Agrarian Calendar ...................................... 266 Kirchweih, Kilby, and Benichon ......................................................................... 271 Pilgrimages .......................................................................................................... 275 Wearing the Rosary, Caring for the Dead and other Acts of Popery................... 282 Reforming Morals................................................................................................ 287 Conclusions.......................................................................................................... 296 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................ 300 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 308 8 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1.1, Origin of Pastors in Vaud, 1528-1599 ................................................ 184 TABLE 1.2, Pastors in Vaud, 1528-1599................................................................ 185 9 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines religious reform in the Pays de Vaud, Switzerland from 1526- 1537. The author focuses on the reactions of rural common men and women who were forced to abandon their Catholic faith and traditions and accept the Reformation and evangelical pastors. The work demonstrates that many rural folk continued to participate in the rituals and