Fedora 25 System Administrator's Guide Deployment, Configuration, and Administration of Fedora 25 Stephen Wadeley Jaromír Hradílek Petr Bokoč Petr Kovář Tomáš Čapek Douglas Silas Martin Prpič Eliška Slobodová System Administrator's Guide Draft Miroslav Svoboda John Ha David O'Brien Michael Hideo Don Domingo Draft Fedora 25 System Administrator's Guide Deployment, Configuration, and Administration of Fedora 25 Edition 1 Author Stephen Wadeley [email protected] Author Jaromír Hradílek [email protected] Author Petr Bokoč [email protected] Author Petr Kovář [email protected] Author Tomáš Čapek [email protected] Author Douglas Silas [email protected] Author Martin Prpič Author Eliška Slobodová Author Miroslav Svoboda Author John Ha Author David O'Brien Author Michael Hideo Author Don Domingo Copyright © 2016 Red Hat, Inc. and others. The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC-BY-SA"). An explanation of CC-BY-SA is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/. The original authors of this document, and Red Hat, designate the Fedora Project as the "Attribution Party" for purposes of CC-BY-SA. In accordance with CC-BY-SA, if you distribute this document or an adaptation of it, you must provide the URL for the original version. Red Hat, as the licensor of this document, waives the right to enforce, and agrees not to assert, Section 4d of CC-BY-SA to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. Red Hat, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the Shadowman logo, JBoss, MetaMatrix, Fedora, the Infinity Logo, and RHCE are trademarks of Red Hat, Inc., registered in the United States and other countries. For guidelines on the permitted uses of the Fedora trademarks, refer to https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/ Legal:Trademark_guidelines. Linux® is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and other countries. Java® is a registered trademark of Oracle and/or its affiliates. XFS® is a trademark of Silicon Graphics International Corp. or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. MySQL® is a registered trademark of MySQL AB in the United States, the European Union and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. The System Administrator's Guide documents relevant information regarding the deployment, configuration, and administration of Fedora 25. It is oriented towards system administrators with a basic understanding of the system. Draft Draft Preface xv 1. Target Audience ............................................................................................................ xv 2. How to Read this Book .................................................................................................. xv 3. Document Conventions ................................................................................................ xvii 3.1. Typographic Conventions ................................................................................... xvii 3.2. Pull-quote Conventions ....................................................................................... xix 3.3. Notes and Warnings ........................................................................................... xix 4. We Need Feedback! ...................................................................................................... xx 5. Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................... xx I. Basic System Configuration 1 1. Opening Graphical Applications 3 1.1. Opening graphical applications from the command line ........................................... 3 1.2. Launching Applications with Alt+F2 ..................................................................... 4 1.3. Launching applications from the Desktop Menu ...................................................... 7 1.3.1. Using GNOME menus ............................................................................... 7 1.3.2. Using KDE menus ..................................................................................... 9 1.3.3. Using menus in LXDE, MATE, and XFCE .................................................. 11 2. System Locale and Keyboard Configuration 15 2.1. Setting the System Locale .................................................................................. 15 2.1.1. Displaying the Current Status ................................................................... 16 2.1.2. Listing Available Locales .......................................................................... 16 2.1.3. Setting the Locale .................................................................................... 16 2.2. Changing the Keyboard Layout ........................................................................... 17 2.2.1. Displaying the Current Settings ................................................................ 17 2.2.2. Listing Available Keymaps ........................................................................ 17 2.2.3. Setting the Keymap ................................................................................. 17 2.3. Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 18 3. Configuring the Date and Time 19 3.1. Using the timedatectl Command .......................................................................... 19 3.1.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time ....................................................... 19 3.1.2. Changing the Current Time ...................................................................... 20 3.1.3. Changing the Current Date ...................................................................... 20 3.1.4. Changing the Time Zone .......................................................................... 20 3.1.5. Synchronizing the System Clock with a Remote Server .............................. 21 3.2. Using the date Command ................................................................................... 21 3.2.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time ....................................................... 22 3.2.2. Changing the Current Time ...................................................................... 23 3.2.3. Changing the Current Date ...................................................................... 23 3.3. Using the hwclock Command .............................................................................. 23 3.3.1. Displaying the Current Date and Time ....................................................... 24 3.3.2. Setting the Date and Time ....................................................................... 24 3.3.3. Synchronizing the Date and Time ............................................................. 25 3.4. Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 26 4. Managing Users and Groups 27 4.1. Introduction to Users and Groups ........................................................................ 27 4.1.1. User Private Groups ................................................................................ 27 4.1.2. Shadow Passwords ................................................................................. 27 4.2. Managing Users in a Graphical Environment ........................................................ 28 4.2.1. Using the Users Settings Tool .................................................................. 28 4.3. Using Command Line Tools ................................................................................ 29 v System Administrator's Guide Draft 4.3.1. Adding a New User ................................................................................. 30 4.3.2. Adding a New Group ............................................................................... 33 4.3.3. Enabling Password Aging ......................................................................... 33 4.3.4. Enabling Automatic Logouts ..................................................................... 35 4.3.5. Creating Group Directories ....................................................................... 36 4.4. Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 36 5. Gaining Privileges 39 5.1. The su Command .............................................................................................. 39 5.2. The sudo Command ........................................................................................... 40 5.3. Additional Resources .......................................................................................... 41 II. Package Management 43 6. DNF 45 6.1. Checking For and Updating Packages ................................................................. 45 6.1.1. Checking For Updates ............................................................................. 45 6.1.2. Updating Packages .................................................................................. 46 6.1.3. Preserving Configuration File Changes ..................................................... 47 6.2. Packages and Package Groups .......................................................................... 48 6.2.1. Searching Packages ................................................................................ 48 6.2.2. Listing Packages ..................................................................................... 48 6.2.3. Displaying Package Information ...............................................................