EDUCATIONAL STATISTICS OF MALAYSIA 1938 to 1967 A Publicatio~~of THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA Prepared by THE EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND RESEARCH DIVISION MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA @ DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA Talipon: K.1,. 87116 ICEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN Kawat: "MINISTED" MALAYSIA RUMAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPUR MESSAGE BY THE HON'BLE THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION This is a needful and worthwhile publication and the first book of its kind on educational statistics of Malaysia covering a period of 30 years from 1938 to 1967. It is published in commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the Independence of Malaysia. It is hoped that this book will be of some value to those who are interested in the educational statistics of Malaysia. My heartiest congratulations to the Staff of the Educational Planning and Research Division of the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. (Mohamed Khir bin Johari) Kuala Lumpur, Minister of Education, 5th. October, 1967. Malaysia. Talipori: K.L. 871 16 K EMENTERIAN PELAJARAN Kawnt: "MINJSTED" MALAYSIA RUMAH PERSEKUTUAN KUALA LUMPUR Srrrat Saya: Siirat T~ran: MESSAGE BY THE CHIEF EDUCATION ADVISER Educational statistics has come to be considered not only as a means to grasp and express the state of affairs of education of a country, but also as a means to provide materials for conceiving a logical development of educational plans and policies. In other words, statistics has outgrown itself from the science of looking- backward to the science of looking-forward. It is used as a recourse in getting orientation for future actions in planning and administration of education. The main characteristics of the recent development in educational statistics are projec- tions to determine the future needs of a country, statistical findings used as the basic data for future programmes and policies, the general increase in the volume of statistics concerning the content of education and the sampling technique \+hich has made a surprising development in every avenue of statistical sciences and practices. Educational statistics has become cognitive to other social statistics as a result of invol~ementof society in education and the most important aspect of it is that \le now possess data whose kind has never been known in the past as analytical factors of reality. This publication has been compilecl by the Educational Planning and Research Division of the Ministry of Education, Malaysia. It is intended to give those interested a general idea of the historical development and the present status of educational statistics of Malaysia from 1935 to 1967. (Haji Hamdan bin Sheikh Tahir) Chief Education Adviser, Ministry of Education Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, 5th October. 1967 INTRODUCTION In these days of planning and of long-term projections, the value of statistics -both past and present-cannot be over-stressed. 2. The publication that follows is an attempt to begin to fi~lfilthis need. The statistical data presented cover a long period from 1938 to the present year. It is the intention of the Educational Planning and Research Division to bring these statistics up-to-date from year to year. 3. The task of compiling the data has been difiicult because of the scarcity of sources in the earlier part of the period covered by the survey. Recourse was had to past final reports and other publications for the historical review and trends. 4. A variety of techniques had to be applied to reduce to some form of uniformity the statistics that were found in source documents which differed among themselves in the mode of presentation because of contemporary constitutional, political and educational structures that have changed at various periods. This has led to a considerable use of the techniques of interpolation and statistical adjustments. 5. This statistical survey is fully furnished wit!i charts and graphs to emphasise important aspects and variations at a glance. These charts follow the international mode of presentation. 6. Jn addition to demographic tables and statistics. it has also been found fit to include financial tab!es and statistics in this survey to emphasise the correlation between these two factors. 7. Although the bulk of the work in connection with this publication was under- taken by the Statistics Section of the Educational Planning and Research Division. it must be pointed out that, in some way or other, ali the other sections were involved in the contribution of materials to the survey. (S.V.J. Ponniah) Director, Higher Education CONTENTS Chapter 1. Charts . Chapter 2. Historical Review in the number of Schools and Teachers Chapter 3. Historical trends in enrolnlent and their ~.elationsliip\\ith the economic growth of the country . , . Chapter 4. Statistics on the Enrolment of Pupils. Teachers and Schools Chapter 5. Adult, Further and.. Higher Education . Chapter 6. Expcndit~~re . Chapter 7. Education in the States of Sabah and Sarawak . Chapter 8. Appendix . CHAPTER 1 CHARTS MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MALAYSIA Key to Initials Initials ' Description in full Initials Description in full -- - ---- -- -- ---- - -.- -- SLO (Hq) School Liaison Officer(Headquarters) .4A (P & R) i Assistant Adviser (Planning and SO (NP) Senior Organiser (National Schools Research) Primary) E PRO Educnt ional Planning and Research SO (NTI') Senior Organiser (National-Type Officer Pririiary) CTLO Chief Textbook and Library Officer SO (LS) II Senior Organiser (Lower Secondary) 11 TO Textbook Officer I1 CCO Chief Curriculuni OfFicer SO (Sp Ed I Senior Organiser (Special Education, CO Curriculum Oflicer FEO Further Education Officer CGO Chief Guidance Officer AVAO Audio Visual Aids Officer SGO Senior Guidance Officer GO Guidance Officer US (Fin) Under-Secretary (Finance) Stats Statistician C A Chief Accountant MO Measurement Oflicer PAS (Fin) Principal Assistant Secr-etary - -- - --- -- (Finance) D of E Sabah , Director of Etlucation, Sabah. AS (F) 1 Assistant Secret:~ry (Finance) I AS (F) I[ ., (Finance) II D of E Sarawak Director of Education, Saranak. HE0 (.F) ~i&erExecutive Officer (Finance) Accnt Accountant C1 Chief Inspector -- -- . -- - -- - -- -- - -- --- -- -- .- - DCi Deputy Chief lnspector PAS (D) Principal Assistant Secretary (Deve- SI (Hq) Staff Inspector (Headquart:rs! lopment) SI (c) , (Central Drvisron) AS (Dl Assistant Secretary (De\c!opnlent) st (N) ,. (Northern Division) --- -- .- -- -- - -- - -- -- -- -- -- - SI (s) , (Soi~thernDivision) STI'FB Secretary Teaclirtrs Provident Fund Sf (E) .. (Eastern Division) Board I , Inspector Accnt Accountant ~ ~ ~ ~- ----- AA (T) Assistant Adviser (Teachers) PAS (E & S) Principal Assistant Secretary (Estab- CO (TT) Chief Organiser (Teacher Training) lishment & Sa-vice) SO (Ex) Senior Organiser (Examinations) AS (E) Assistant Seci-etary (Establislinient) SO (Re) ! ,, . (Recruiting) AS (S) 1 . (Service) I SO (S &T) Senior Oiganiser (Syllabuses and AS (S) 11 .. (Service) 11 Training) HE0 (E & S) ~i&erExecutive Officer (Establish- ----- ~ ment & Service) CE Controller of Exaniinations - - -- -- -- --- .- ACE Assistant Controller of Exaniinations PAS (Admin) ; Principal Assictnnt Secretary (Admi- MEDPU Manager Electronic Data Processing nistration) : Unit AS (A) I 1 Assistant Secretary (Ad~ninistra- ES Examination Specialist tion) 1 I SA Systenis Analyst AS (A)~, I1 Assistant Secretdry. (Administra-~ AES Assistant Examinat~onSpecialist I tion) iI Exam 0 . Examination Officer AS (A) 111 Assistant Secretary (Administra- R ; Registrar tion) 111 SAR Senior Assistant Registrar PRO Public Relations Officer - - AA (TE) Assistant Adviser (Technical Edu- NLPO National Language Planning Officer cation) SO (TE) Senior Organiser (Technical Edu- PAS (UTS) Pr~ncipalAssistant Secretary (Uni- cation) fied Teaching Service) C lnstr Chier Instructor AS 1 UTS) I Assistant Secretary (Un~fiedTeach- ---- -- 11ig Serv~ce)1 DRGST I Deputy Registrar Gencral of Scliools AS (UTS) I1 Assstant Secretary (Unified Teach- and Teachers ing Service) I1 SLO (T) Schools Liaison Officer ('Teachers) SLO (S) , (Scllools) PAS (S &T) , Principal Assistant Secretary (Sciio- AA 6) Assistant Adviser (Schools) larships & Training) Co (s) Chief Organiser (Secondary) AS (S & 7) Assistant Secrxtary (Scholarship and CO (P) . (I'riniary) , Training) CO (SP) Cl;ief Organiser (Special Education) so (s) Senior Organi5er (Secondary) SO (FE) .. (Further Education) CLO (RS) ! Chief Liaison Officer (Religious SO (LS) I ,. (Lower Secondary) 1 Schools) Chart 2 SCHOOL POPULATION Population enrolled in Assisted Schools/lnstitutions by Age, 1967. Age MALE FEMALE Age 24 24 - 23 23 - 0> I > 22 22 3 Z * ' tZ 5 21 21 5 >_ ? = C 20 20 = 19 19 I I I I 18 18 +onu a I$dc- 17 17 1 16 16 .. a v, 19" (5 15 s, 14 Z l4 L 0 ;; 1;; 1;; I3 13 6 '0 s & 'p", - 12 12 I I I I I 10 10 9 9 ,z E - E 8 2 I I li : 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 1 Z 3 k .-i - n g 2 2 ot a2 I I 0 0,11111, 1 11 I I I I I 1 18 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Unit: 20,000 persons Population enrolled. Population not enrolled. TABLE I PERCENTAGE OF i\GE-GROUPS ENROLLED 1N ASSISTED SCtiOOLS'lNSTLTUTIONS, BY SCHOOL LEVEL. 1967. School Level Age-Group Malc & Male Female Fe:nale Primary Education 6--- to l l - 91 'I: 94 " ,, S7",, Lower Secondarg Educnr~ou I? ,- to 14 530 o 62", 42 " ,, Upper Secondary Ecl~ication (a) 15 - to 16.:- 16 19;" 14 :',, Post Secondar) Ediic'~tion f bt 17 to 18 - 5 "/1 6",; 4",, University Le\el Edt~cat~on(c) 19 - to 21- 1 ", 1.4',, 0.5 ",, (a) All assisted schools, technical institutes and secondary trade schools. (b) All Form Sixth classes in assisted Schools, teacher training institutions, Technical College (Diploina Course). Mara College, College of Agriculture and Technical Institute at Penang. (c) University of Malaya and Technical College (Professional Course) TABLE 2 AGE-GROUPS AND ENROLMENTS IN ASSISTED SCHOOLS/INSTITUTIONS, BY SCHOOL LEVEL, 1967. Population and Male and School Level Age-Group No. Enrolled Female Male Female Primary 6- to 11+ Populat~on 1,450,543 ' 737,333 ' 713,210 Education I No.