National Institute on Drug Abuse MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1987 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Scientific Meeting The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration Problems of Drug Dependence, 1987 Proceedings of the 49th Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. Editor: Louis S. Harris, Ph.D. NIDA Research Monograph 81 1988 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration National Institute on Drug Abuse Office of Science 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20857 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National Institute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science. The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. Its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Temple University School of Medicine National Federation of Parents for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Drug-Free Youth Omaha, Nebraska SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy, New York REESE T. JONES, M.D. Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric Institute RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. San Francisco, California NB Associates, Health Sciences Rockville, Maryland DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alcohol and Drug Problems Association Columbia University of North America New York, New York Washington, D.C. GILBERT J. BOTVIN, Ph.D. Cornell University Medical College HERBERT KLEBER, M.D. Yale University School of Medicine New York, New York New Haven, Connecticut JOSEPH V. BRADY, Ph.D. The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine RICHARD RUSSO Baltimore, Maryland New Jersey State Department of Health Trenton, New Jersey THEODORE J. CICERO, Ph.D. Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis, Missouri NIDA Research Monograph Series CHARLES R. SCHUSTER, Ph.D. Director, NIDA THEODORE M. PINKERT, M.D., J.D. Acting Associate Director for Science, NIDA Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, RockviIle, Maryland 20857 Foreword The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) is pleased once again to publish in its Research Monograph series the proceedings of the 49th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. (CPDD). This meeting was held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in June 1987 and was cosponsored by the Research Society on Alcoholism. Consequently, it was unusually well attended, and the meeting resulted in the largest number of papers and abstracts in the history of CPDD. The CPDD is an independent organization of internationally recognized experts in a variety of disciplines related to drug addiction. They are interested in developing knowledge that will reduce the destructive effects of abused drugs on the individual and society. The CPDD maintains liaison with Government regulatory and research agencies, with the pharmaceutical industry, with national and international organizations interested in drug dependence and abuse, and with those working on drug abuse problems in academic and treatment settings. The Committee is unique in bringing together annually at a single scientific meeting an outstanding group of basic and clinical investigators working in the field of drug dependence. This year, as usual, the monograph presents an excellent collection of papers. It also contains progress reports of the abuse liability testing program funded by NIDA. The contents of this monograph comprise a "state-of-the-art" summary of ongoing research into the biological, behavioral, and chemical bases of drug abuse that should be valuable to readers with a wide diversity of interests. Khursheed Asghar, Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc., an independent, nonprofit organization, conducts drug testing and evaluations for academic institutions, government, and industry. This monograph is based upon papers or poster presentations from the 49th Annual Scientific Meeting of the CPDD, held in Philadelphia June 14 - 19, 1987. In the interest of rapid dissemination, it is published by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in its Research Monograph series as reviewed and submitted by the CPDD. Dr. Louis S. Harris, editor of the monograph, is Chairman of the Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Virginia. During 1987 Dr. Harris also served as Senior Science Advisor to the Director of NIDA. COPYRIGHT STATUS Figure 2 on page 131 is copyrighted by Pergamon Journals, Ltd., and reproduced with their permission. Its further reproduction is permitted only as part of a reprinting of the entire publication or chapter. For any other use, the copyright holder's permission is required. All other material in this volume except quoted passages from copyrighted sources is in the public domain and may be used or reproduced without permission from the Institute or the authors. Citation of the source is appreciated. The views and opinions expressed on the following pages are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions or official policy of the National Institute on Drug Abuse or any other part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The U. S. Government does not endorse or favor any specific commercial product or company. Trade, proprietary, or company names appearing in this publication are used only because they are considered essential in the context of the studies reported herein. DHHS publication number (ADM)88-1564 Printed 1988 NIDA Research Monographs are indexed in the Index Medicus. They are selectively included in the coverage of American Statistics Index, Biosciences Information Service, Chemical Abstracts, Current Contents, Psychological Abstracts, and Psychopharmacology Abstracts. iv The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. MEMBERS, COMMITTEE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE, INC. Mary Jeanne Kreek, Chairman Theodore J. Cicero, Past Chairman William L. Dewey, Chairman-Elect Martin W. Adler Thomas F. Burks Richard A. Deitrich Loretta P. Finnegan Marian W. Fischman Roland R. Griffiths Leo E. Hollister Donald R. Jasinski Lloyd D. Johnston John Kaplan Conan Kornetsky Horace Loh Akira E. Takemori EXECUTIVE SECRETARY Mary Jeanne Kreek (Acting) MEMBERS, BOARD OF DIRECTORS Beny J. Prim, Chairman Natl Medical Assn Joseph V. Brady Soc Behavior Med Raymond W. Houde Am Soc Clini Pharmacol Ther Keith F. Killam Am Soc Pharmacol Exptl Ther Everette L. May Am Chemical Society Jack H. Mendelson Am Psychiatric Assn E. L. Way Am Coll Neuropsychophamacol James H. Woods Am Psychological Assn v COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN MEMBERS, PROGRAM COMMITTEE Charles W. Gorodetzky By Laws Louis S. Harris, Chairman Louis S. Harris William L. Dewey Scientific Meetings Everette L. May Arthur E. Jacobson Joyce H. Pye Drug Testing Program PERMANENT LIASON MEMBERS, COMMITTEE ON ARRANGEMENTS Jerome Jaffee Martin W. Adler Harold Kalant Toby Adler Howard McClain Charles O'Brien Boris Tabakoff Edward C. Tocus CONTRIBUTING FIRMS, 1986-87 The following firms have supported the work of the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. through contributions during the previous fiscal year. Abbott Laboratories Sterling Drugs, Inc. Arthur D. Little Foundation Syntex Corporation Ayerst Canada The Upjohn Company Berlex Laboratories, Inc. Warner-Lambert Boc Group-Anaquest Boehringer Ingelheim International Bristol-Myers Company Burroughs Wellcome Company Ciba-Geigy Corporation E.I. Du Pont de Nemours Company Glaxo, Inc. H. G. Pars Pharmaceuticals Hoffman-LaRoche, Inc. ICI Americas, Inc. ICI Great Britain Lilly Research Laboratories Marion Laboratories McNeil Pharmaceuticals Merck, Sharp & Dohme Research Lab. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Miles Laboratories, Inc. Ortho Pharmaceuticals, Co. Reckitt & Colman, Pharmaceutical Division Sandoz, Ltd. (Basel) Schering Corporation Searle Research and Development Sevier Amerique Smith, Kline and French Laboratories vi Contents Initiatives at the National Institute on Drug Abuse C. Schuster 1 Presentation of Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award W. Martin 6 Clinical Studies of Morphine Addiction Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Lecture C. Himmelsbach 8 Is Inpatient Medical Alcohol Detoxification Justified: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Study M. Hayashida, A. Alterman, T. McLellan, S. Mann, I. Maany, and C. O'Brien 19 Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Use by Women N. Mello, J. Mendelson 26 The Syndrome Concept of Alcohol and Drug Dependence: Results of the Secondary Analysis Project T. Babor, N. Cooney, R. Hubbard, J. Jaffe, T. Kosten, R. Lauerman, T. McLellan, H. Rankin B. Rounsaville, and H. Skinner 33 Placebo Challenge: Effects Following Repeated Alcohol vs. Placebo Administration M. McCaul, J. Turkkan and M. Stitzer 40 Interactions Between Social Behavior and Smoked Marijuana R. Foltin, M. Fischman and J. Brady 47 Nicotine Replacement Effects on Post-Cessation Withdrawal Symptoms and Weight Gain M. Stitzer and J. Gross 53 Efficacy of Nicotine Gum in General Practice: One Year Follow-up J. Hughes, S. Gust, R. Keenan, K. Skoog, R. Pickens, D. Ramlet, M. Healy and S. Higgins 59 vii Effects of Secobarbital on Aggressive and Non- Aggressive Responding