VALUING DIVERSITY AND DIALOGUE: A NEW ALLIANCE BETWEEN CITIZENS AND GOVERNMENTS MENA-OECD GOVERNANCE PROGRAMME AND ANNA LINDH EURO-MEDITERRANEAN FOUNDATION Paris ● 7 JULY 2011 www.clubmadrid.org TheOur Club Members de Madrid D e m o c r a c y t h a t d e l i v e r s Oscar Arias - President Costa Rica (1986-1990, 2006-2010) Alvaro Arzú - President Guatemala (1996-2000) Patricio Aylwin - President Chile (1990-1994) Michelle Bachelet - President Chile (2006-2010) Belisario Betancur - President Colombia (1992-1986) Kim Campbell - Prime Minister Canada (1993) Fernando Henrique Cardoso - President Brazil (1995-2003) Jean Chrétien - Prime Minister Canada (1993-2003) William J. Clinton - President USA (1993-2001) Leonel Fernández (l) – Pres. Dominican Rep. (1996-2000, 2004-) José María Figueres - President Costa Rica (1994-1998) Vicente Fox - President Mexico (2000-2006) Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle - President Chile (1994-2000) César Gaviria - President Colombia (1990-1994) Osvaldo Hurtado - President Ecuador (1981-1984) Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera - President Uruguay (1990-1995) Ricardo Lagos - President Chile (2000-2006) António Guterres - Prime Minister Portugal (1995-2002) Guy Verhofstadt - Prime Minister Belgium (1999-2008) Andrés Pastrana - President Colombia (1998-2002) Vaira Vike-Freiberga - President Latvia (1999-2007) Percival Noel J.Patterson - Prime Minister Jamaica (1992-2006) Václav Havel - President Czechoslovakia (1989-1992), Lionel Jospin - Prime Minister France (1997-2002) Abdul-Kareem Al-Eryani - Prime Minister Yemen (1980-1983, 1998-2001) Javier Pérez de Cuéllar - President Peru (2000-2001) Sadig Al Mahdi - Prime Minister Sudan (1966-1967, 1986-1989) Jorge Quiroga - President Bolivia (2001-2002) Helmut Kohl - Canciller Germany (1982-1998) Wim Kok - Prime Minister The Netherlands (1994-2002) Joaquim Chissano - President Mozambique (1986-2005) Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada – Pres.Bolivia (1993-1997,2002-03) Amine Gemayel - President Lebanon (1982-1988) Julio María Sanguinetti – Pres. Uruguay (1985-1990, 1995-2000) Milan Kučan - President Slovenia (1991-2002) Zlatko Lagumdzija - PM Bosnia and Herzegovina (2001-2002) Alpha Oumar Konare - President Mali (1992-2002) Alejandro Toledo - President Peru (2001-2006) John Kufuor - President Ghana (2001-2009) Ernesto Zedillo - President Mexico (1994-2000) Ruud Lubbers - Prime Minister The Netherlands (1982-1994) Ferenc Mádl - President Hungary (2000-2005) Antonio M. Mascarenhas Monteiro - President Cape Verde (1991-2001) Yasuo Fukuda - Prime Minister Japan (2007-2008) Ketumile Masire - President Botswana (1980-1998) Inder Kumar Gujral - Prime Minister India (1997-1998) Tadeusz Mazowiecki - Prime Minister Poland (1989-1991) Rexhep Meidani - President Republic of Albania (1997-2002) Benjamin Mkapa - President Tanzania (1995-2005) Han Seung-soo - Prime Minister Korea (2008-2009) Festus Mogae - President Botswana (1998-2008) Chandrika Kumaratunga - President Sri Lanka (1994-2005) Romano Prodi – Pres. Italy (1996-1998, 2006-2008) Poul Nyrup Rasmussen - Prime Minister Denmark (1993-2001) Olusegun Obasanjo - President Nigeria (1976-1979, 1999-2007) Hong-koo Lee - Prime Minister Republic of Korea (1994-1995) Fuad Siniora - Prime Minister Lebanon (2005-2009) Anand Panyarachun - Prime Minister Thailand (1991-1992) Mary Robinson - President Ireland (1990-1997) Petre Roman - Prime Minister Romania (1989-1991) Cassam Uteem - President Mauritius (1992-2002) Fidel Valdez Ramos - President The Philippines (1992-1998) Jennifer Mary Shipley - Prime Minister New Zealand (1997-1999) Jorge Sampaio - President Portugal (1996-2006) Valdas Adamkus - President Lithuania (1998-2003, 2004-2009) Mario Soares - PM Portugal (1976-1978, 1983-1985), Pres (1986-1996) Esko Aho - Prime Minister Finland (1991-1995) Adolfo Suárez - President Spain (1976-1981) Martti Ahtisaari - President Finland (1994-2000) Hanna Suchocka - Prime Minister Poland (1992-1993) José María Aznar - President Spain (1996-2004) Carl Bildt - Prime Minister Sweden (1991-1994) President: Wim Kok Valdis Birkavs - Prime Minister Latvia (1993-1994) Vice-Presidents: César Gaviria, Jennifer Mary Shipley Kjell Magne Bondevik – PM Norway (1997-2000, 2001-2005) 81 Full Members Gro Harlem Brundtland - PM Norway (1981, 1986-1989, 1990-96) HONORARY MEMBERS Aníbal Cavaco Silva (l) – PM Portugal (1985-1995), Pres (2006-) From 57 countries Kofi Annan - Secretary General of the UN (1997-2007) Philip Dimitrov - Prime Minister Bulgaria (1991-1992) Aun San Suu Kyi - Opposition Leader, Burma Vigdís Finnbogadottir - President Iceland (1980-1996) Represent 3.2 billion people Jimmy Carter - President of the USA (1977-1981) Felipe González - President Spain (1982-1996) Jacques Delors - President of the EC (1985-1995) Mijaíl Gorbachov - President Soviet Union (1990-1991) 5 Nobel Peace Prize Laureates Alfred Gusenbauer - Chancellor Austria (2007-2008) The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e A SHARED SOCIETY is a socially cohesive society. It is stable, safe. It is where all those living there feel at home. It respects everyone’s dignity and human rights, while providing every individual with equal opportunity. It is tolerant. It respects diversity. A shared society is constructed and nurtured through strong political leadership The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e The term SHARED SOCIETY indicates the way of life, culture, values, customs practices and benefits of the society are not owned by any one group but belong to all. The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e I Locating Responsibility of Social Cohesion Within Government Structures II Creating Opportunities for Consultation III Monitor Structures and Policies to Ensure they support Shared Societies IV Ensure the Legal Framework Protects the Rights of Individuals V Deal with Inequalities and Disadvantages of those Discriminated Againsts VI Ensure that Physical Environment Creates Opportunities for Interaction VII An Education System that Demonstrates a Commitment to Shared Societies VIII Initiate a Process to Encourage the Creation of Shared Vision of Society IX Promote Respect and Understanding and Appreciation of Diversity X Take Steps to Reduce Tension and Hostility The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e The Virtous Circle of Shared Societies ECONOMIC WELL-BEING DEVELOPING CONSOLIDATED SHARED SOCIETY SHARED SOCIETY APPROPIATE ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e Guiding Principles on the Economics of Shared Societies 1. Shared Societies, in which diverse groups and individuals are economically integrated and utilise their skills and talents tend to be more stable societies, which enjoy higher economic growth than divided societies 2. If groups and individuals are economically marginalised they have no reason to feel a sense of belonging to the state and are less likely top support the state and contribute to the wellbeing of all. 3. The costs of investing in a Shared Society and ensuring that marginalised groups feel they have a full place in society is more than compensated for by the contribution they can make. 4. Leaving groups and individuals on the margins of society is not cost- free, as it creates social, political and security problems which are avoidable, unnecessary and costly The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e Guiding Principles on the Economics of Shared Societies 5. National and local economic policies and programmes play a major role in creating an inclusive dynamic for all groups. 6. National and local economic policies and programmes too often mainly benefit those who are already successful and influential, and as a result reinforce social divisions. 7. The international economic frameworks and the institutions that support them need to be reformed to ensure a fair, equitable and sustainable international economic order and business practices, and encourage appropriate national policies leading to Shared Societies and greater economic wellbeing world wide. 8. Existing international economic frameworks need to ensure that wealthier countries and vested interests do not benefit at the expense of poorer states and marginalised groups within all states. The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e Guiding Principles on the Economics of Shared Societies 9. Well intentioned economic policies often fail to benefit marginalised sectors and integrate them into society because of unintended consequences. They can be subverted by influential sectoral interests 10. Economic policies are more likely to benefit those who are marginalised and integrate them into a Shared Society if marginalized groups are involved in the planning and implementation of policies and programmes and if there is a mechanism to screen policies and programmes for their differential impact on each sector of society The Shared Societies Project: B u i l d i n g a W o r l d S a f e f o r D i f f e r e n c e Impact of the influence of ethnic groups on economic policy making • A population that finds its preferences represented in the policy process is more likely to support implementation of resultant policy.