PROCEEDINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF MOUNTAINS Coordinated by CONFERENCE In partnership with Jindabyne - Australia November 25-28, 2002 Sponsored by As part of Acknowledgements In addition to some presenters who were unable to supply their written paper, there were a number of Aboriginal presenters from different parts of Australia who chose not to submit a written form of their presentation as this is not a traditional method of communication. © 2003. This work is copyright. Copyright in this printed edition is held by the Australian Alps Liaison Committee (AALC). Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Copyright on individual papers, photographs and graphic images is held by the author. These proceedings have been sponsored by Transgrid. Edited and produced by Janet Mackay & Associates. Copies of this publication are available from: Australian Alps Liaison Committee c/- Canprint Communications PO Box 7456 Canberra Mail Centre ACT 2610 Telephone: +61 2 6295 4422 ISBN: 0-646-42204-9 For more information on the Australian Alps national parks co-operative program, visit our website at www.australianalps.ea.gov.au. Welcome to Country My name is Rae Solomon Stewart. I was born in Orbost on the banks of the Snowy River. My family come from Dalgety and South Jindabyne areas. I come to Jindabyne to welcome all the people that are here today to celebrate the Year of the Mountain. Malarkin gungee yalarguin In Aboriginal languages one word has more than one meaning. We are all gathered here peacefully for the Year of the Mountain celebration and we welcome you to our country. My grandfather, Billy Rutherford used to break in Brumby horses for the police and he used to ride over the snowy mountains and other different places around this area, rounding up the Brumby horses and sometimes searching for people who were lost. My other grandfather, Ned Solomon used to shear sheep, build fences for the farmers and shoot the wild dogs to stop them killing sheep. The Snowy Mountains were very important to the people who lived here because of the Bogong Moth. The caves protected the people from the snow, wind and rain in the winter months and provided shade in the summer months. I trust that your time here in Monaro Ngarigu country will be of great benefit to you all. Thank you for your time and patience. Rae Stewart Monaro Elder Table of Contents DAY ONE – CONFERENCE PLENARY SESSION 1 WELCOME TO THE MOUNTAINS AND OPENING OF THE CONFERENCE 3 TONY FLEMING.................................................................................................................................. 3 GLOBAL PRIORITY: WHAT MAKES MOUNTAINS SO SPECIAL? 5 LAWRENCE S. HAMILTON .................................................................................................................. 5 THE NATURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS 9 PROFESSOR JAMIE B KIRKPATRICK ................................................................................................... 9 ROCKS ARE ROCKS, MOUNTAINS ARE MOUNTAINS -ABORIGINAL VALUES OF MOUNTAINS JASON ARDLER ................................................................................................................................15 THE CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE OF AUSTRALIAN ALPINE AREAS JANE LENNON .................................................................................................................................. 25 CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS NATIONAL PARKS : PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE DR PETER CRABB ............................................................................................................................ 37 DAY ONE – MOUNTAINS OF MEANING 43 MOUNTAIN MOTIVATIONS - THE HIGH ANDES AND OTHER ENDEAVOURS SERGE DOMICELJ, EM. PROF. .......................................................................................................... 45 FIVE FEET FROM HEAVEN -THE WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION AND MOUNTAINS OF MEANING : IDENTIFYING AND PROTECTING THEIR INTANGIBLE VALUES OLWEN BEAZLEY............................................................................................................................. 51 FACT OR FANTASY – CELEBRATING MOUNTAIN HERITAGE TODAY MARILYN TRUSCOTT ....................................................................................................................... 61 DAY ONE – MOUNTAINS FOR THE FUTURE 65 THE MOUNTAIN MIRES OF SOUTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES AND THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY: THEIR HISTORY AND FUTURE GEOFFREY HOPE.............................................................................................................................. 67 FROG DECLINES IN THE SNOWY MOUNTAINS: WHAT DO WE KNOW AFTER FIFTEEN YEARS? WILL OSBORNE AND DAVID HUNTER .............................................................................................. 81 REHABILITATION OF THE JOUNAMA PINE PLANTATION, KOSCIUSZKO NATIONAL PARK ANDY SPATE, MICK PETTITT AND JO CALDWELL ............................................................................ 89 FROM THE MOUNTAINS TO THE SEA, RECOVERING A LOST RIVER GRAEME ENDERS ............................................................................................................................. 95 THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS AND THE GREAT ESCARPMENT OF EASTERN AUSTRALIA CONSERVATION CORRIDORS IAN PULSFORD, GRAEME WORBOYS, JANE GOUGH AND TIM SHEPHERD ...................................... 105 DAY ONE – MOUNTAINS FOR TOURISM 121 MANAGEMENT OF TOURISM IN THE KOSCIUSZKO ALPINE AREA GRAEME L. WORBOYS AND CATHERINE M. PICKERING ................................................................ 123 MANAGING THE OVERLAND TRACK AS A SUSTAINABLE MOUNTAIN WALK JANET MACKAY............................................................................................................................. 137 TOURISM VALUE OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS TREVOR MULES AND NATALIE STOECKL....................................................................................... 147 CAN THE MOUNTAINS SURVIVE WITHOUT TOURISM? GREG ROBERTS.............................................................................................................................. 157 Celebrating Mountains – An International Year of Mountains Conference i Jindabyne, New South Wales, Australia DAY TWO – MOUNTAINS OF MEANING 163 LAND AFFINITIES OF THE MOUNTAIN ABORIGINES OF NORTH-EASTERN VICTORIA DR RUTH E LAWRENCE ................................................................................................................. 165 ALPS MINING – DID WE REALLY GET OVER IT? ROBERT J KAUFMAN ..................................................................................................................... 177 A CHINESE PRESENCE BARRY MCGOWAN........................................................................................................................ 181 BUILDING AS LANDSCAPE GEOFF ASHLEY .............................................................................................................................. 187 DAY TWO – MOUNTAINS FOR THE FUTURE 199 LANDSCAPE - LEVEL CONSERVATION FOR A WORLD HERITAGE SITE IN NEPAL PRALAD YONZON........................................................................................................................... 201 ADDRESSING INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES AS A THREAT TO THE NATURAL VALUES OF THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS: ENGLISH BROOM AS A CASE STUDY KATE MCARTHUR ......................................................................................................................... 207 ECOLOGY OF DISTURBANCE:THE EFFECT OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE ON WEEDS IN THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS 1 1 2 CATHERINE PICKERING , WENDY HILL AND FRANCES JOHNSTON .............................................. 213 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF MOUNTAIN CATCHMENTS TO SOCIETY THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS CATCHMENTS ROGER GOOD................................................................................................................................. 219 SNOWY MOUNTAINS HYDRO-ELECTRIC SCHEME: CORPORATISATION AND THE WAY AHEAD NICOLE SHOTTER AND CAROL BRUCE ........................................................................................... 225 THATCHING THE ROOF OF AUSTRALIA: LANDSCAPE MANIPULATION AND HISTORY DR MICHAEL PEARSON.................................................................................................................. 233 DAY TWO – MOUNTAINS FOR TOURISM 243 NO DOGS IN THE PARKS! ANNE-MARIE TENNI ...................................................................................................................... 245 HIGH QUALITY WASTEWATER RECLAMATION FOR USE IN SNOW-MAKING – RESOURCE RATHER THAN WASTE 1 2 3 ZTLATKO ONKOVIC , JIM ATTERIDGE AND SANDIE JEFFCOAT .................................................... 251 PERISHER RANGE RESORTS ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ALISTAIR HENCHMAN AND CATHLIN COLLINS .............................................................................. 261 ALPINE NETWORKS DEVELOPMENT PROJECT "JOBS CREATION IN REMOTE AND RURAL COMMUNITIES THROUGH TRAVEL AND TOURISM" BILL JACKSON................................................................................................................................269 TOURISM IN PROTECTED AREAS: CONTINUING CHALLENGES AND EMERGING ISSUES FOR SUSTAINING VISITOR EXPERIENCES STEPHEN F MCCOOL ..................................................................................................................... 273 COMMUNICATING MINIMAL IMPACT MESSAGES IN THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS NATIONAL PARKS DR ELIZABETH