PVC PIPING SYSTEMS FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Acknowledgments We would like to thank the following contributors to the Design Guide: The PVC and Thermoplastic Industrial Piping Systems (TIPS) Product Line Committees and member companies of the Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA). In particular the following PPFA companies and individuals ably assisted in reviewing the text and tables and provided valuable comments which added greatly in producing a better and more accurate source document: Chuck Bush – Oatey Company Mike Cudahy – PPFA Staff Patrick Fedor – IPEX Bill Morris – Charlotte Pipe & Foundry Jack Roach – Mueller Industries Bill Weaver – Harvel Plastics Larry Workman – LASCO Fittings All text, tables and photos were prepared and or edited by David A. Chasis of Chasis Consulting, Inc. Using the Design Guide The Design Guide was created to assist engineers, installers, end-users, engineering students and building code officials in learning more of the dos and don’ts of PVC piping systems. The Design Guide is comprised of ten sections including: Introduction Features and Benefits Engineering Design Joining Methods Installation Testing and Repair Applications Building Codes, Standards, and Sample Specifications PVC Piping and the Environment Other Plastic Piping Systems In addition, in the back of the guide is the most complete appendix and glossary of PVC piping systems ever assembled. Other PPFA Educational Materials The PPFA offers a wide range of other educational materials developed to assist the engineering and construction industry to become more proficient in the use of the preferred piping system...plastics! On-site seminars, Webinars, CD-based seminars, workbooks, online tutorials and product and technical literature are available. For more information on these educational tools, visit PPFA’s website at www.ppfahome.org. Disclaimer The material in the Design Guide has been prepared for the general information of the reader/user. The information is believed to be technically correct; however, the authors, PPFA and their directors, officers, staff, and agents do not warrant the Design Guide or any of its contents suitable for any specific applications. The presented material is published as an information guideline only. It shall be the responsibility of the reader/user to incorporate prudent and generally accepted engineering practices and to meet the requirements of all involved regulatory agencies and their codes and standards. © PPFA, 2008/2009 All Rights Reserved ii © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Table of Contents Page Page Introduction ..................................................................... 1 Noise in DWV Piping ......................................... 45 Definitions ................................................................... 1 Static Electricity ................................................. 45 History ........................................................................ 4 Underground Design ................................................ 46 Material Characteristics .............................................. 6 Pipe Stiffness ..................................................... 47 Physical Characteristics ............................................. 8 Soil Stiffness ...................................................... 47 Safety and Systems Design ..................................... 11 Pipe Loading...................................................... 47 Features and Benefits ................................................... 13 Trench Design ................................................... 47 Durability .................................................................. 13 Minimum Cover for Pipe .................................... 48 Safe and Easy to Install ............................................ 17 Risers ................................................................ 48 Environmentally Sound ............................................. 20 Joining Methods ............................................................ 49 Cost Effective ........................................................... 23 General Piping Practices .......................................... 49 Engineering Design ....................................................... 27 Solvent Cementing ................................................... 52 Design Piping Practices ............................................ 27 Flanging .................................................................... 58 Chemical Resistance ......................................... 28 Threading ................................................................. 59 Pipe Operating Pressure ................................... 29 Other Joining Systems ............................................. 61 Types of Pipe ..................................................... 29 Gasketed-Bell and Spigot .................................. 61 Other PVC Piping Systems................................ 30 Mechanical Radius Cut/Rolled-Grooved with Metal Gasketed Coupler .................................... 62 Fittings ............................................................... 30 Mechanical Cut-Groove with Plastic Spline and Temperature and Pressure Ratings ................... 30 Coupler .............................................................. 64 Friction Loss ...................................................... 32 Transition Joints ................................................ 64 Hydraulic Shock/Water Hammer ....................... 32 Heat Fusion ....................................................... 66 Aboveground Design ................................................ 35 Installation ..................................................................... 67 Thermal Expansion and Contraction ................. 35 Work Crew ................................................................ 67 Thermal Stress and Longitudinal Force ............. 37 Storage and Handling ............................................... 68 Support Spacing ................................................ 39 Aboveground Installation .......................................... 69 Pipe Hangers ..................................................... 40 Expansion/Contraction ...................................... 70 Anchors and Guides .......................................... 42 Support Spacing ................................................ 73 Piping Insulation ................................................ 43 Outdoor Weathering .......................................... 73 Fire Resistive Design ......................................... 43 Compressed Air/Gases ..................................... 74 Plenums ............................................................ 44 Impact Protection ............................................... 74 Fire Resistance Ratings .................................... 44 High Heat Environments .................................... 74 Other Aboveground Design Considerations ............. 44 Air Admittance Valve (AAV) ............................... 74 Cold Environments ............................................ 44 Fire Stops .......................................................... 75 Compressed Air/Gases ..................................... 44 Underground Installation .......................................... 76 Outdoor Environments ....................................... 45 Trench Preparation/Depth/Cover ....................... 76 Air Admittance Valve ......................................... 45 Bedding and Backfilling ..................................... 76 Table of Contents – iii © 2012 Plastic Pipe and Fittings Association (PPFA) Page Page Pipe Placing and Snaking.................................. 77 PVC Cellular Core Pipe and DWV Fittings ............. 116 Thrust Blocking .................................................. 78 PVC SDR Pressure Piping Systems ...................... 117 System Testing .................................................. 79 PVC Reclaimed Water Piping Systems .................. 118 Pipe Relocation ................................................. 79 Other PVC Piping System Products ....................... 119 Testing and Repair ....................................................... 81 PVC Piping and the Environment ............................... 125 Water Testing ........................................................... 81 Other Plastic Piping Systems ...................................... 130 Repair ....................................................................... 83 Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) ................... 130 Applications .................................................................. 89 Chlorinated Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (CPVC) .............. 132 Commercial Applications .......................................... 89 Polyethylene (PE) ................................................... 134 Plumbing and Mechanical Piping Systems ........ 90 Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) ........................... 136 Pressure Systems ............................................. 91 Polypropylene (PP) ................................................ 137 Non-pressure Systems ...................................... 95 Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) .............................. 139 Industrial Applications .............................................. 99 Appendix A: PVC Product Safety Warnings ................ 141 Building