Bulletin of Tibetology VOLUME 39 NO. 1 MAY 2003 NAMGY AL INSTITUTE OF TIBETOLOGY GANGTOK, SIKKIM The Bulletin of Tibetology seeks to serve the specialist as well as the general reader with an interest in the field of study. The motif portraying the Stupa on the mountains suggests the dimensions of the field. Bulletin of Tibetology VOLUME 39 No. I MAY 2003 NAMGY AL INSTITUTE OF TIBETOLOGY GANGTOK, SIKKIM Po/ron HIS EXCELLENCY V RAMA RAO, THE GOVERNOR OF SIKKIM Advib TASHI DENSAPA, DIRECTOR NIT Edilor-iaJ Board R.JGzJN NOODUP DoKHAMPA FRANZ .. KARL EHRHARD ACHAIWA SAMTEN GYATSO BlUGmE STEINMANN T ASHt TSERlNG MARK TURIN ROBERTO VITALI Editor ANNA BALlKCI-DENJONGPA Assistant Editors TSUL TSEM GY ATSO ACHARY A VERENA OSSENT THUPTEN TENZING The Bulletin ofTibetology is published bi-annually by the Director, Namgyal Institute of Tibetology, Gangtok, Sikkim. We are hoping of raising this to three- times a year by next year. Annual subscription rates: South Asia, Rs 120. Overseas, $15. Correspondence concerning bulletin subscriptions, changes of address, missing issues etc., to: Administrative Assistant, Namgyal Institute of Tlbetology, Gangtok 737102, Sikkim, India ([email protected]). Editorial correspondence should be sent to the Editor at the same address. Submission guidelines. We welcome submission- of articles on any subject of the history, language, art, culture and religion of the people of the Tibetan cultural area although we would particularly welcome articles focusing on Sikkim, Bhutan and the Eastern Himalayas. Articles should be in English or Tibetan, submitted by em ail or on floppy disk along with a hard copy and should not exceed 5000 words in length. The views expressed in the Bulletin of Tibetology are those of the contributors alone and not the Namgyal Institute of Tibetology. An article represents the view of the author. and does not reflect those of any office or institution with which the author may be associated. PlLNTEDAT KWAUTY PRJNTERS, 31A NATIONAL HIGHWAY. GANGTOK. SIKKIM BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY Volume 39 Number 1 2003 SACRED SIKKIM CONTENTS Gos. PEMA GVALTSEN Praise to the lineage of 5 HE.fangthang Rinpoche: mDo mang gterstonofKham SAUL MULLARD Brag dlcar bkra shis sdings kyi sku 'bum: 13 the text. the author. the stupa and its importance in the formation ofreligious politics in SiWm RIGZIN NGODUB DoKHAMPA Origins ofthe Bumchu 2S (bum chu) of Dralcar Tashiding (brag dlcar bkra shis sdings) MARTIN J BOORD A pilgrim's guide to the Hidden Land 0/ 31 Sikkim proclaimed as a treasure by Rig 'dzin rgod kyi Idem 'phru can MELANIE V ANDENHELSKEN Secularism and the Buddhist 55 monastery 0/ Pemayangtse in Si/ckim RIGZIN NGODUP DOKHAMPA with English translation by 75 THUPTEN TENZIN sBas yul 'bras mo Ijongs: the hidden valley 0/Sikkim Book Review FRAN~OISE POMMARET A saga ofSi/ckim's supremely 87 revered/our pioneer Nyingmapa reincarnates and their torchbearers. Khenpo L. Tshering. Notes on Contributors 91 BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOOY S PRAISE TO THE LINEAGE OF H.E. YANGTHANG RINPOCHE: MDO MANG GTER STON OF KHAM Gos. PEMA Gy AL TSEN The late Gos. Pema Gyaltsen, received the highest Dzogchen teaching, the Ati Yoga Tantra (KHrid yig ye shes bla ma) from H.E. Yanthang Rinpoche at his retreat house in Pelling, West Sikkim, in 1991. While receiving the initiation, Pema Gyaltsen compiled the following praise about the lineage and qualities of RE. Yangthang Rinpoche, the third incarnation of Lha tsun jigs med dpa' wo (1682-1717) who is himself considered an incarnation of IHa btsun chen po nam mkha' 'jigs med (1597-1650), the Dzogchen master regarded as the chief propagator of Buddhism in Sikkim. ---'1~~·~~·Ul~~·Qa·7~·~3.l"'~·~·~EiJ~1 • ~EiJ~~~·iCJ"'~·EiJ~·~it~·~·EiJ~·l • ~3.l~·~~·a)·~~... ti ... ~a'·iEiJ·i~·' iit'~~'~~'~~'~\~Ill'f~'Ill'~il "l~EiJ·l~·~a·~"·~Ill·f~·Qa· ~I \l~·3.l~~·Ul~·~~·EiJ~~·Qa·~~·EiJ:3\·~~ I 6 PEMA GYALTSEN 1~'~Cl'~"Cl~a'!aj'(~~'~~~'31a'31itf~1 Cl~·~·:t,aj·~a·~~~·~~~·~·31~~l 1S~~i~·~·Cla·1~·~·~:t,·iJ~·i:t,1 ~31·~~·Cl~~·~a·(~~·~·~~~~a·r'l i~·~aj·~t;'Cl~a·Clt;·~31·~~·~~~.' 1 ,~~·i{~·~.. ~·qa·~·~·~~l 1 ~~~a·~~~·~.·Cl~·iCl·S~l \~~31·1~·("1~~·~~~~~·M·~., ~·~~~·tlt;··~~~·~~~~~·~a·!ajl I·Cl~·Cl"~·~~·~·1~·al·31:t,·f.l~~1 31~·~~·:t,Cl·a.s~~·!·~i:t.·~t;~·~Clt;·Cl':t,l ~t;':t,~'31~~'~Cl'~~'~~'~'~~~' ~~:t,'i'··~~Q:~~·~St;~31~~·~~~·~a·~l . ~~·aa~~Cl~~·~·a.S~·3Ii~·~'?i·~·!Cl~1.. BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY 7 t:3'~'~~&r~~'~~'~'~~'~~'I:l~'31~l t:3"1~'~7""~~'~~'!'~ia'~~~'I:l'e:~'1 i~'~ar"1'~~'~~~'i~'~s~i~'~''''l ~~·~~·~31~f''''·31i1~·'''~·ilt:3·~~·~~ , • ~~'~'ill1_~~~~~~~i~'~'~~l e:~·qa·~~·~~-·~~·~"'·~iS~·~S\e:"l ~7""k~'i~~'~\C~'~~'~~'~7"'1 • • f~·t;I~~a·~~·~-·~!f~l~l • • ~r;:~~·~~"''t:I¥~~·~~·~~~_·t;la~~, if~·~~·rr~_·~~~·~t:3~·''''·'~·t::14~·~~·' ~~'~~'~7""S'iS""~~~~'i'~~~1 ~~·~(~·t:3"1~·S~·~~~·~~·~~~·&·Q~~ 8 PEMA GvAL TSEN ~·~~3l·~·~l·~r:J~a·~I'l.I·~~·l~l ~~·tJa·~·~l·~~·a.l~~~C!j·lSl ~3l~3'~'~1'~'~~3l'!Z;'~'WC!jl ~·t\~~~·3·~13l·tJa·~C!j·a.~·ilr:Jl· \r:J~a·~·~C!j·a.~r:J~·gl·iC!j·gl·lr:JZ;·l ~~·~·~·i~~·~3l·~·til·tJal ~~r:J~·a;1·~~1'l.I·(~~·~·~~~~·~~1 ~·~3l·3l~·~3l·Wi·tJa·~l3l·tJ·r:J~~~l ~r:JZ;~~·~3l·~i·I'l.I·r:Jm·~~~·i\l~l t3fC!j·~~·~·?j'·~·~~3l·~·~~fC!jl il·~I'l.I·~~~·~l3l·tJa·el·M·~IJt~l 3li·Z;~·~·tq·~~~·a.~·~l3l·tJa·~ ~~~·i\lr:JZ;·~·el·&·&i·a.rZ;·tJl ~Z;·r:J·~3l~l~~3l~·~·WZ;·tJ·l~l 0\ >- § ~ ~ III t= "'- 0 if iJ' if ~-l if lr ET -l ET j= fI!r -. if if [1 [1 iW' ET iJ' i'# :::> i'# qcr- iJ' [1 r:l:l !I Er - -iW' 'Fl> !I -r ~ ET ib )lr r ~ iW' ~ ~ cif)) i'# )f[ !I iW' iW' ~ !I t6 e- 'lr )r- )~ )~ ET !I tc) ~ tfi; f1 ~ ~ !I (p ~ ~ )~ !I )~ '{! ~ ~ !I )~ !I F iJ' ~ )ET ~ ~ if ~ if )~ ~ lr ~ [1 )~ )~ )~ ~ ~ iW' ~ Er ~ {! ~ lr ~ )iJ' ET i1? i.l if iIUI ~ ~ ~ if )1/; i.'l' if rf fffl7 ~ iW' 4f tu I.f )i:r ''"qno' ~ tc) )j.( ,~ iW' (E! ~ ~ ~ iW' ,~ iW' ~ ~ ~ io iW' ~ ~ iJ' F )W ET )U )~ '!8 !I )~ !I );.g: ET? ~ )if )j.( I.f & ~ t6 ,if) ~ ~ iW' ~ Jr tc) lr ~ iW' ~ ~ ~ lr [1 !I iJ' '*rf 't6 )~ ~ iJ' F iW' ff fiW' f1:11i t6 if al) I.f ~ Er ET ~ io )i7p:-- I.f ~ ET fiW' ,~ ~ tt!l. [1 ~ ~ f:= ~ ~ to PEMAGVALTSEN Cl'Jz::.·~z::.·t:I~CI'J~·tJ~·CI'J~·it~·g·stll·CI'J4~1 CI'J~·CI'J~~·t:I~CI'J~·tJ~·CI'J~~·stll·~Cl'JCI'J·it~·~a5~1 CI'J~·~§ft:l~CI'J~·tJ~·~CI'J·~z::.·~~·~z::.·Stlll ~~·~~~·~s~·it~·CI'J~~·a.la·CI'J~·~·~Sz::.~1 1 a.l~~·~·~·t:I·"r~CI'J·~CI'J~i\~z::.·1 ~a.l·tJ·1~·~t:I·~\~tlI·~z::.·t:I~a·~~1 ~·CI'J~a.l·:nz::.-~!{ia:~z::.·tl·~z::.·~CI'J·~ 1 ,?a.l~·at~·!lt:l·!~·t:lI1t:l·tlI·CI'J~tlI·t:I~·4CI'J ~t:lz::.~~·t~t:I~·CI'J~\~Sz::.~·~·~~~·~tlIl ~t:lz::.·~tlI·t:I~·~~·~·!·CI'J~a.l~·z::.CI'J·~z::.·1 £!·(;la·~t:lz::.·~~z::.·t:I~~·~tlI·~z::.·~~1 ~~CI'J~·~~·CI'J~(;l·tJa·gtll·\!~·~CI'J~·tJ~·4CI'J ~·~z::.·Cl'Jz::.·~·~tlI·~~·~CI'J~·~(;l·(;l~tlIl sz::.·i~·!r(;l:a.·~CI'J~·~·~CI'J·tJa·~1 BULLETIN OF TIBETOLOGY 11 ~z~:~r:::a.~·t3a·~~~·r¥~·S~·~~· ~, ~r:::~r:::~~~~·~·~l~~~r~qy",~·~, ~~~·~~~·~~~·~·!I·t3~·?:~n?·~' ~",·~",·~~·~a·~~~·CJ3"'·~~~·~·~l • • ~~·~~·"'~·~"'·~~·~·t3~~·~a·~~·4"'·~f·~·a~I'll~~·!1I'll·~·a.E~·3r~",~.~. t3~~·~a·~I'll·a.S~·a.s~·W"'~·(~~·ci~·~·'·~'l~·~·t3~·~~·~~a.·a.~~~·i1~.~. ~~·~I'll·~·~~~",·~~:t.·ci~·~~·~",·a.~~~·i1~·~~a.·Qa·i·s",·~~~·~·~~'~I'll' ~~·~·~~~·~~AI·t3·t3?t3·~~·~·t3~·ci~·m"'·~·Il1~t3~·~·~t3·~t3"'·~CJ3"'·~'"'~~'Q' ci·~~·t3!1",~·~·a.~r:::ci~·~r:::~I'll·~·~~~·~a·~I'll·!·~~·~~·~~~·ci~·~·~ ~.t4~. " _ "Y'" ,,_~ "" "Y'""." "#.::::. __ ~~·~·~I'll·~·~~~·~a.·~I'll·~I,(~~~·~a.·~~AI·~~a.·a.!!la.·~s"'~·~"'~·d)~.~.~~~. ~·ci~·Zf~",·ci~·~",·~~·~·~~~·~a·~qy~·Qa·I'll~·~·~~·~a·~~·t4~·iIt·4~'a1'~' ~·t3a·~~·~~·~~·i1~·a.a5",·t3·~",·~·~t3·~a·CJ3r:::~·~",·~~~·~a·t3~~·~·a.qy~' ~~·~I'll·~~·~Q~·~~·Cl3t3·~·~~'1J~a·~~·~~~·a.s~·3T-~"'~·&·~~~·~i~·~AI. 12 PEMAGYALTSEN ~~~!!:3~·~·~~·~~~·~·i!::,·~~·i::'·~!l~~~a·~::'·~~·~·~~·!!:3~·!!:3a·~~~·~ ~~'~'~~'~'~!!:3'~~~'~~ 1 ~~~·;r~~·arl s·~a·~~~·5~~·!!:3!!::'·~~~~· ~a·~~·~!!a,·~~·~a·i!~·~·~·sa·~~~·~·~·!!:3~S~·~~·~a5~~·~~~·~a5~~.~. ~~·a.S~·~·~~~·!!:3a·!!:3~·~~::'·~·~i~·ij::,-~~~·a,~\at~·i~·~~·~~~·a,~!!:3~.~. !!:3~~'~'~'~~11 11 1I1~!!:3~·~~~·a,d)::'·~tq::.·£S::.·~~·tr·i·~~~·~·~·~a·~~~·a,~!!:3~·4~·t·~·~9~' ~a·~~~·!!:3·!!:3~·~a·~~l ~'~"1 l!!:3~·~~~·~::.·ara:~::'-~&~~·~·~·~l la,~s~·~~·~·~~·~a·iq·4~·'1 la.s~·ij~·~::,·~·~~·ciI~·~~·!!:3~~~~l l~~~·at~·~S~·ij~·a.S~·~~·s~·~~·~~ll ~·~a·~~~·a,~!!:3~·a,~{~~·i~· ~·~~·at~·\l~·~·m~·~iq·4~·~·~·~~~'~::'·!!:3·~~~11 SAUL MULLARD 13 BRAG DKAR BKRA SHIS SDINGS KYI SKU 'BUM:' THE TEXT, THE AUTHOR, THE STUPA AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN THE FORMATION OF RELIGIOUS POLITICS IN SIKKIM SAUL MULLARD University ofOxford Historical introduction to the author and text As is well known, IHa btsun chen po nam mkha' 'jigs med (1597- 1650)2 is accredited with the introduction of rdzogs chen into Sikkim3 and is also r~cognized as the key figure in the consecration of Phun tshogs rnam rgyal as the first Chos rgyal.4 In order to shed light on his later religious and political work in Sikkim, it is important first to sketch out a brief history of his studies and the monasteries he was connected with in Tibet and the implications of these connections for his later work in Sikkim.