CAPABILITIES IN IOR IMPROVED OIL RECOVERY November 2011 WWW.INTSOK.COM Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 2 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION The purpose of this catalogue is to identify and Introduction 3 highlight INTSOK partner companies that deliver technology or services representing potential Definitions 4 contributions to IOR, and the relation between different types of contributions. Potential 5 The approach to IOR is presented from the perspective of an operating oil company that will analyse all options for opti - Success Stories 6 mising the field performance. In this situation, the operator must screen a large number of options within the categories IOR Approach 7 of for instance chemical flooding, drilling, well technology, water management and others described Reservoir Modelling and Planning 8 in this catalogue. Each option will be evaluated within a model or planning tool Data Acquisition and Processing 10 with its potential evaluated and compared with that of other methods. The dynamic simulation model and planning tool Chemical flooding 12 are at the centre of the process. This model is built on data acquired from the field and supplemented with specialised Drilling 14 simulation tools. Well Technology 16 INTSOK partners supply equipment and services within all technical disciplines related to IOR. Subsea Solutions 18 Topside Modification 20 Water Management 22 Integrated Operations 24 INTSOK Partners’ IOR Deliveries 26 MODELLING DATA ACQUISITION CHEMICAL FLOODING DRILLING WELL TECHNOLOGY SUBSEA SOLUTIONS TOPSIDE MODIFICATION WATER MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED OPERATIONS 2 3 2 3 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 4 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 5 DEFINITIONS POTENTIAL INTSOK uses the term IOR for all measures The expected oil recovery factor worldwide is less For a typical field, most of the oil is expected to remain in the which can increase or accelerate the oil recovery DEFINITIONS: than 30%, and for the Norwegian Continental ground after cessation. The illustration below shows this for of a field. Emphasis is placed on measures based Shelf the average number is still lower than the the fields on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Approximately on information gathered during production, Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) is the planning target of 50%. half of the oil expected to be remaining in the ground after and on measures based on advanced and execution of measures intended to increase or planned cessation is considered potentially mobile by IOR accelerate oil recovery from a hydrocarbon field in technology. Over the years, Norwegian technology and expertise has methods. The challenge is to select and optimise methods, a profitable manner compared to current plans with been developed and has made it possible to increase the assess risks and implement measures in a profitable manner. corresponding forecasts. INTSOK partners supply equipment and services within expected recovery factor on the Norwegian Continental all technical disciplines related to IOR. The companies are (Norwegian Petroleum Directorate) Shelf. listed in groups supplying technology of a similar charac- ter or purpose. However, so many of the partners repre- Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) is any of various sent unique technology, so classification is not straight methods, chiefly reservoir drive mechanisms and forward. enhanced recovery techniques, designed to improve the flow of hydrocarbons from the reservoir to the In classifying contributions to IOR, almost anything wellbore or to recover more oil after the primary and could be argued to have a direct or indirect effect on oil secondary methods (water and gas floods) are recovery. It has been necessary to limit the contributions uneconomic. mentioned to those directly affecting the oil stream. (Society of Petroleum Engineers) Particularly dealing with topside facilities, there are a number of measures which only indirectly affect the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is a term normally recovery, and in this publication these are mentioned in used for the advanced chemical recovery processes, general terms. which can be part of an IOR project. IOR IN INTSOK Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) is used for all measures which can increase or accelerate the oil recovery of a field. Emphasis is placed on measures based on information gathered during production, and on measures based on advanced technology. Illustration: Norwegian Petroleum Directorate MODELLING DATA ACQUISITION CHEMICAL FLOODING DRILLING WELL TECHNOLOGY SUBSEA SOLUTIONS TOPSIDE MODIFICATION WATER MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED OPERATIONS 4 5 4 5 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 6 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:01 Side 7 SUCCESS STORIES IOR APPROACH There are examples of fields where the ultimate made in dedicated IOR activities. The most important measu- An IOR project must go through a multistep expected recovery factor has been doubled by the res for these two fields were advanced wells, well interven- process to obtain the optimal result. implementation of IOR measures. tion, 4D seismic, produced water management and topside modifications, all implemented or improved after production The IOR approach is a screening process where different In some larger fields, like Gullfaks and Statfjord, from the start relevant technologies and combinations of these are tested beginning the recovery factor was already estimated at 40% in the model and planning tool for suitability. Methods may based on gas or water injection from production start. compete for extracting the same oil volume with different Building on information gathered from the pro duction profitability or risk. phase, and a rapidly developing technology, the expected EXPECTED ULTIMATE RECOVERY FACTORS ultimate recovery increased in steps to the current expec - 1986 1996 2004 Current ambition The operating oil company with its reservoir management tation of approximately 70% for both fields. This would not Statfjord 49% 61% 68% 70% and its planning model is at the center of this process. have been possible unless additional investments had been Gullfaks 46% 49% 60% 68% Complimentary expertise and specialised simulation models will address special issues. All models are based on data acquired from the field. Reservoir modelling Water and gas injection Production start Advanced wells and cost-efficient infill Well intervention 4D seismic Produced water Top side modifications Illustration: Statoil Illustration: INTSOK MODELLING DATA ACQUISITION CHEMICAL FLOODING DRILLING WELL TECHNOLOGY SUBSEA SOLUTIONS TOPSIDE MODIFICATION WATER MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED OPERATIONS 6 7 6 7 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:02 Side 8 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:02 Side 9 RESERVOIR MODELLING AND PLANNING Reservoir models are numeric representations of for optimised recovery. Any IOR project will represent some the reservoir in three dimensions with its physical degree of risk. A planning tool including risk evaluation can properties represented. For the purpose of be connected to the simu lation model or be operated as a recovery planning dynamic models are used to separate tool. simulate the flow in the reservoir towards the production wells. The operating oil company is in charge of the modelling and INTSOK PARTNER DELIVERABLESDELIVERIES planning, which is the ultimate core responsibility of the ope- Reservoir models are huge and require advanced numeric rator. However, in many cases the operator will be assisted by RESERVOIR SIMULATION AND tools and considerable numeric capacity. The simulation tools additional manpower and expertise from contractors in this RECOVERY PLANNING are essential for planning recovery in general, and specialised process. • AGR: Analysing IOR potential models are developed for several of the IOR methods. The full • Aker Solutions: Consultancy in field planning,planning, IORIOR studiesstudies field, regional or sector simulation and planning are the basis and production technology • IFE: Reservoir and tracer simulation tool • IRIS: Field studies and special simulation tools and services • IRIS: Field studies and special simulation tools and services • Roxar: Reservoir interpretation, modelling and uncertainty. • ReservoirRoxar: Reservoir simulation interpretation, and history modellingmatching and uncertainty. • Reservoir SINTEF Petroleum simulation Research: and history Full matchingfield and specialized models • SINTEFand simulation Petroleum services Research: Full field and specialized models • andSPT Group:simulation Reservoir services and near-well simulation tools • SPTWeatherford Group: Reservoir Petroleum and Consultants: near-well simulation Resevoir modellingtools and simulation RISK ASSESSMENT AND DECISION MODELS RISK ASSESSMENT AND DECISION MODELS • AGR: Risk assessments • IRIS: Risk assessment models Illustration: IFE MODELLING DATA ACQUISITION CHEMICAL FLOODING DRILLING WELL TECHNOLOGY SUBSEA SOLUTIONS TOPSIDE MODIFICATION WATER MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED OPERATIONS 8 9 8 9 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:02 Side 10 Intsok IOR catalogue ENDELIG VERSJON:Intsok Annual Report 08-03-10 14:02 Side 11 DATA ACQUISITION AND PROCESSING Data acquisition is imperative INTSOK PARTNER DELIVERABLESDELIVERIES