Strategic citywide spatial planning A situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, Haiti GLOBAL LAND TOOL NETWORK Strategic citywide spatial planning: A situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, Haiti Copyright © United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT), 2009 Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Governing Council. United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi 00100, Kenya Tel: +254 20 762 3120 Fax: +254 20 762 3477 www.unhabitat.org All photos by Åsa Forsman and Remy Sietchiping © UN-HABITAT Acknowledgements Principal author: Åsa Forsman Contributors: Remy Sietchiping, Clarissa Augustinus, Leslie Voltaire, Filiep Decorte and Alberto Paranhos, Maria- Guglielma da Passano, Ulrik Westman, Mohamed El-Sioufi and Claude Ngomsi of UN-HABITAT. Editing and layout: Robert Wagner Sponsors: Norwegian Government, Swedish International Development Cooperation and the Government of Haiti Strategic citywide spatial planning A situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, Haiti 2009 Strategic citywide spatial planning Contents Abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ..........................................................................................4 1. Historical backdrop ..................................................................................10 1.1 General background on Haiti ...................................................................10 1.2 Current development strategies in Haiti ...................................................17 1.3 Citywide strategic planning .....................................................................20 2. Urban land and infrastructure in metropolitan port-au-prince ........26 2.1 Urban trends and development ................................................................26 2.2 Human settlements .................................................................................30 2.3 Basic services and infrastructure ..............................................................36 2.4 Human and natural risks .........................................................................42 3. Analysis of challenges and opportunities ..............................................45 3.1 Inventory of urban planning and land stakeholders ..................................45 3.2 Evaluation of citywide planning scenarios ............................................... 46 3.3 SWOT analysis for citywide planning in metropolitan Port-au-Prince .....50 4. Future activities and policy priorities .....................................................52 4.1 Establishment of a metropolitan agency ...................................................53 4.2 Metropolitan strategic framework ............................................................55 4.3 Reinforcement of the municipalities .........................................................60 4.4 Implementation recommendations ...........................................................67 5. Conclusions .................................................................................................73 6. References ...................................................................................................75 Annex 1. Methodology ........................................................................................77 Annex 2. List of Stakeholders ...............................................................................79 2 A situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, Haiti Abbreviations ASEC Assemblée de la Section Communale CAMEP Centrale Autonome Métropolitaine d’Eau Potable CARICOM Caribbean Community CASEC Conseil Administratif de la Section Communale CBO Community Based Organization CDS City Development Strategy CNRA Commission Nationale á la Réforme Administrative DGI Direction Générale des Impôts DSNCRP Document de Stratégie Nationale pour la Croissance et pour la Réduction de la Pauvreté EDH Électricité d’Haïti EPPLS Entreprise Publique de Promotion des Logements Sociaux GDP Gross Domestic Product GTIH Groupement Technologie Intermédiaire d’Haïti HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome IHSI Institut Haïtien de Statistique et d’Informatique INARA Institut National de la Réforme Agraire I-PRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper ME Ministère de l’Environnement MEF Ministère de l’Économie et des Finances MICT Ministère de l’Intérieur et des Collectivités Territoriales MINUSTAH Mission des Nations Unies pour la Stabilisation de Haïti MPCE Ministère de la Planification et la Coopération Externe MTPTC Ministère de Travaux Public, Transport et Communications NGO Non Governmental Organization ONACA Office National du Cadastre PESTLE Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental factors PPP Purchasing power parity PRS Poverty Reduction Strategy PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper SNEP Service National d’Eau Potable SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme 3 Strategic citywide spatial planning Executive summary Introduction This situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince gives a thorough background to the city’s situation in terms of urban development and planning, and presents a way forward for future planning of the metropolitan area. It argues that the main stakeholder for any urban development intervention should be the state, more precisely the municipalities. The municipalities in Port-au-Prince need support in planning and delivering basic services. Institutional capacity building is vital for alleviating the current lack of service delivery to urban residents. Community involvement and the coordination of different stakeholders are key components for sustainable results. Any interventions must be planned on a long-term basis, yet still deliver short-term gains so that the necessary support can be harnessed. Rationale for the study The Haitian Ministry of Planning and External Cooperation, MPCE, in cooperation with UN-HABITAT, initiated an intervention in Port-au-Prince on land related citywide strategic planning. This situational analysis constitutes the first phase of the intervention and will, if funding allows, be followed by technical assistance for the stakeholders in metropolitan Port-au-Prince, assistance in coordinating a development partners group of land, and ultimately the development and implementation of a strategic spatial citywide plan in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan region. The final design of the intervention will be informed by this situational analysis, as well as by discussions and negotiations with Haitian stakeholders and the donor community. Scope and outputs of the study The situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, an area that encompasses eight municipalities1, focuses on citywide planning with an urban land perspective. The term “citywide” in this case embraces the whole metropolitan region. The situational analysis also covers the wider aspects of housing, urban infrastructure and the socio- economic situation. The challenges and opportunities for a decent urban livelihood in Port-au-Prince have been analysed, and are followed by recommendations on the most effective type of spatial planning and/or land related interventions. The situational analysis aims to provide MPCE and other stakeholders with the necessary background information and hands-on recommendations to initiate a citywide planning process in metropolitan Port-au-Prince. The second part of the situational analysis develops generic draft 1 The 8 municipalities are: Carrefour, Cité Soleil, Croix-des-Bouquets, Delmas, Kenscoff, Pétion- Ville, Port-au-Prince and Tabarre 4 A situational analysis of metropolitan Port-au-Prince, Haiti guidelines for citywide strategic planning. Most planning in developing country cities is focused on either formal or informal areas, rarely on the whole city. In an attempt to overcome the problems of piece-meal, isolated and segregating interventions, UN-HABITAT is developing citywide strategic planning as a more holistic approach. This situational analysis and the draft guidelines on citywide strategic planning will be one of many sources of information and experience feeding into UN-HABITAT’s approach to citywide strategic planning. The draft guidelines are informed by the authors experience in Port- au-Prince, as well as by other sources in order not to be biased towards one specific city. UN-HABITAT will continue to develop and revise them as necessary. Findings One part of this study is devoted to describing the urban situation in metropolitan Port-au-Prince. Data and information from numerous sources have been put together to give a broad picture of living conditions, livelihoods, patterns of land tenure, legal frameworks