L ondon -WEST MI -WEST d LA nd S Env S I ron ME n tal S tateme n T | Vol 3 Vol London- | Route-wide effects Route-wide WEST MIDLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT Volume 3 | Route-wide effects November 2013 VOL VOL VOL ES 3.3.0 3 3 3 London- WEST MIDLANDS ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENT Volume 3 | Route-wide effects November 2013 ES 3.3.0 High Speed Two (HS2) Limited has been tasked by the Department for Transport (DfT) with managing the delivery of a new national high speed rail network. It is a non-departmental public body wholly owned by the DfT. A report prepared for High Speed Two (HS2) Limited: High Speed Two (HS2) Limited, Eland House, Bressenden Place, London SW1E 5DU Details of how to obtain further copies are available from HS2 Ltd. Telephone: 020 7944 4908 General email enquiries: [email protected] Website: www.hs2.org.uk High Speed Two (HS2) Limited has actively considered the needs of blind and partially sighted people in accessing this document. The text will be made available in full on the HS2 website. The text may be freely downloaded and translated by individuals or organisations for conversion into other accessible formats. If you have other needs in this regard please contact High Speed Two (HS2) Limited. Printed in Great Britain on paper containing at least 75% recycled fibre. Volume 3: Route-wide effects | Contents Contents Structure of the HS2 Phase One Environmental Statement v 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Purpose of this report 1 1.2 Introduction to HS2 1 1.3 Scope of this report 2 1.4 Structure of this report 4 2 The Chilterns Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty 5 2.1 Introduction 5 2.2 Assessment scope 6 2.3 Landscape baseline 6 2.4 Description of the Proposed Scheme 14 2.5 Temporary effects arising during construction 14 2.6 Permanent effects arising during operation 20 3 Agriculture, forestry and soils 29 3.1 Introduction 29 3.2 Assessment of effects during construction 29 4 Air quality 31 4.1 Assessment of effects during construction 31 4.2 Assessment of effects during operation 31 5 Climate 33 5.1 Summary 33 5.2 Introduction 36 5.3 Climate change policies and greenhouse gas targets 39 5.4 Greenhouse gas assessment scope 43 5.5 Carbon footprint 46 5.6 The total carbon footprint 56 5.7 Conclusions 61 5.8 Assumptions 63 i Volume 3: Route-wide effects | Contents 6 Community 67 7 Cultural heritage 69 8 Ecology 71 9 Land quality 87 10 Landscape and visual assessment 89 11 Socio-economics 91 11.1 Introduction 91 11.2 National policy and guidance 91 11.3 Key themes of assessment 92 11.4 Wider socio-economic benefits 93 11.5 Socio-economic baseline 93 11.6 Assessment of effects during construction 97 11.7 Assessment of effects during operation 100 12 Sound, noise and vibration 103 12.1 Assessment of effects during construction 103 12.2 Assessment of effects during operation 103 13 Traffic and transport 105 13.1 Introduction and scope 105 13.2 Wider traffic and transport effects 105 13.3 Effects arising during construction 105 13.4 Effects arising during operation 109 14 Waste and material resources 117 14.1 Introduction 117 14.2 Policy framework 120 14.3 Scope, assumptions and limitations 123 14.4 Assessment methodology 123 14.5 Environmental baseline 123 14.6 Assessment of effects during construction 132 14.7 Assessment of effects during operation 150 15 Water resources and flood risk assessment 159 15.1 Introduction 159 15.2 Spillage risks 159 15.3 Surface water resources 160 15.4 Groundwater resources 161 15.5 Water Framework Directive Compliance Assessment 163 15.6 Flood risk 166 15.7 Conclusions 168 16 Phase One and Phase Two combined impacts 169 17 References 173 ii Volume 3: Route-wide effects | Contents List of figures Figure 1 HS2 Phase One route and community forum areas 3 Figure 2: Landscape baseline 7 Figure 3: Representative elevated view from the steep chalk escarpment near Coombe Hill 9 Figure 4: An extensive tract of mixed-species woodland in the vicinity of Penn 10 Figure 5: Farmed landscape near Hampdenleaf Wood 12 Figure 6: Emissions associated with the construction phase of the Proposed Scheme 37 Figure 7: Emissions associated with the operational phase of the Proposed Scheme 38 Figure 8: HS2 Ltd’s degree of influence on factors affecting the Proposed Scheme’s carbon footprint 45 Figure 9: The Proposed Scheme’s construction emissions (tCO2e) by element and scope 47 Figure 10: Construction emissions (tCO2e) of the Proposed Scheme per scenario 48 Figure 11: Projected annual operational emissions of the Proposed Scheme in tCO2e/annum 50 Figure 12: Contribution of different components of the total operational footprint (tCO2e) 51 Figure 13: Contribution of different components of the total carbon footprint (tCO2e) 57 Figure 14: Carbon emissions per passenger kilometre by mode in 2030 59 Figure 15: The Proposed Scheme's annualised total emissions compared to annual emissions in other sectors expressed as a percentage, 2030 60 Figure 16: Traded versus non-traded carbon 61 Figure 17: Proportion of employment by industry in London, the West Midlands and England 95 Figure 18: Waste hierarchy 119 Figure 19: Projected (future baseline) inert waste landfill capacity by region 130 Figure 20: Projected (future baseline) non-hazardous waste landfill capacity by region 131 Figure 21: Projected (future baseline) hazardous waste landfill capacity by region 132 List of tables Table 1. The Proposed Scheme's carbon footprint by scenario (tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2e)) 35 Table 2 Breakdown of the operational footprint for the Proposed Scheme (tCO2e) 50 Table 3: Line speed sensitivity testing 55 Table 4: The Proposed Scheme's projected carbon emissions per passenger kilometre (gCO2e/pkm) 58 Table 5: Key assumptions used in completing the carbon footprint of the Proposed Scheme 64 Table 6: Local Wildlife Sites affected by county 72 Table 7: Summary of the construction assessment 100 Table 8: Proposed Scheme: direct operational employment 101 Table 9: Summary of the operational phase assessment 102 Table 10 Journey times between key destinations ‘without’ and ‘with’ the Proposed Scheme in operation (Phase 1) 111 Table 11 2026 Base case / with Proposed Scheme comparison of number of trains leaving London on the WCML 112 Table 12 Origin mode of HS2 passenger trips – typical day 113 iii Volume 3: Route-wide effects | Contents Table 13 Origin mode of HS2 passenger trips – annual 114 Table 14 Percentage changes in passenger numbers arriving/departing at stations in 2026 and 2036 114 Table 15 Changes in annual long distance trips 115 Table 16 Reduction in vehicle-kilometres resulting from mode shift 115 Table 17: Study area for assessment 124 Table 18: Baseline construction, demolition and excavation waste arisings by region, 2005 125 Table 19: Baseline commercial and industrial waste arisings by region, 2009 126 Table 20: Baseline waste infrastructure capacity by region, 2011 128 Table 21: Sustainable placement areas for the Proposed Scheme 133 Table 22: Forecast excavated material quantities for the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 134 Table 23: Quantity of surplus excavated material requiring off-site disposal to landfill (by class of landfill) , 2017 to 2025 135 Table 24: Forecast demolition material and waste quantities (by region) for the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 137 Table 25: Quantity of demolition waste requiring off-site disposal t0 landfill (by class of landfill) , 2017 to 2025 137 Table 26: Forecast construction waste quantities (by region) for the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 138 Table 27: Forecast worker accommodation site waste quantities (by region) for the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 139 Table 28: Summary of material and waste quantities that will be generated by excavation, demolition and construction of the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 140 Table 29: Impact of material and waste quantities that will be generated by excavation, demolition and construction of the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 141 Table 30: Impact of commercial and industrial waste arisings generated by the Proposed Scheme, 2017 to 2025 142 Table 31: Quantity of waste requiring off-site disposal to inert waste landfill, 2017 to 2025 143 Table 32: Locations (by regional and local area) for the off-site disposal to landfill of inert surplus excavated material, 2017 to 2025 143 Table 33: Quantity of waste requiring off-site disposal to non-hazardous waste landfill, 2017 to 2025 145 Table 34: Quantity of waste requiring off-site disposal to hazardous waste landfill, 2017 to 2025 146 Table 35: Quantity of waste for off-site disposal to landfill by waste type, 2017 to 2025 148 Table 36: Forecast railway station and train waste quantities by region, 2026 151 Table 37: Forecast rolling stock maintenance waste quantities by region, 2026 152 Table 38: Forecast track maintenance waste quantities by region, 2026 153 Table 39: Forecast ancillary infrastructure waste quantities by region, 2026 154 Table 40: Summary operational waste forecast, 2026 155 Table 41: Impact of commercial and industrial waste arisings generated by the Proposed Scheme, 2026 156 Table 42: Combined impacts of Phase One (Proposed Scheme) and Phase Two 169 iv Volume 3: Route-wide effects | Structure Structure of the HS2 Phase One Environmental Statement The Environmental Statement (ES) documentation comprises: Non-technical summary (NTS) – which provides a summary in non-technical language of the Proposed Scheme, the likely significant environmental effects of the Proposed Scheme, both beneficial and adverse, and the means to avoid or reduce the adverse effects;