Mi iiliiliili iliii^ 'ill MV5EVMoFTHEAnElLlCAN INDIAN """" '""'""i'mlllllllllHlllllllllllllllllllllhllllllllllilllllllllllllllll.|l{l^%'"Ul|IIIIIIIIIIIMIIIII|ii^ lliiimiHiiiililiNilluiu I iml.i FR.EDERICK W. HODGE COLLECTION Library Huntington Free Ts!ative Amencan Collection CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924104089382 MEMOIRS OF THE NATIOIAL ASADEIY OF SOIENCES "VolTime XII :Part II yfiisanstasos 18U Library of Congress Catalogue Division washington August 28 1934 Mr. Frederick A. Blossom, Librarian, Huntington Free Library and Reading Room, 9 Westchester Sqtiare, New lork City. My dear Mr. Blossom: I am grateful for yours of Au^st 25d and assure you that your queries and suggestions will/always be welcomed, especially when they involve matters of fact. Im matters of style (Spanish accents, punctuation in general, etc.) you majs safely assume that all our cards will be modernized when and as they come up for reprinting, hence re- minders in individual cases (unless pxceptionally likely to be over- looked) are perhaps unnecessary. Your statement regarding the final e_ in "Turquoise" (Pogue) is extremely interesting, as I have letters from Mr. Pogue and from r/iT. Brockett, Executive Secretary of the Academy of Sciences, both positively disclaiming any knowledge of such an issue. If you feel like lending your copy to us I should like to compare it with the other issues with a view to solving the problem. Very truly yours. Julian Leavitt Chief, Catalogue Division Sovez^ter 15, 1934 Mr. iSHaiaa Leavltt Liteaxy of Gaagrepi GatalQgtjfi BiTlsifxii Ifsssshingtoa, B.C. \ % dear Mr. Leavltt: 0& J^igoskt 30th last, we seat 700, in response to yoor request of Jjagast 28th, oar eoT^ of & mono@pa|!li ^ J. S. Beipte on **!Si9 Torqaoise.* Aa 3^ have now had the hook fear two and ons^haLS sionths, perhs^>s you have finished yotir investigation- If so, we should be g^ad to retnm the vol-ame to oar shelves. I tafce this D-^ortotti^ to ask if you conld favor nie with one ©opy of LCf, cards one of 16-1440, so «iat I w^ lirrestigate rol-wm Is yoar st^gestioas concseapnitg the ^pestioxu Tery troly yooys. fah.ct Litearlaa . Library of Congress Catalogue Division washington August 25 1954 Mr, Frederick A. Blossom, Librarian, Huntington Free Library and Reading Room, 9 Westchester Square, New York City. My dear Mr. Blossom: Several weeks ago you advised the Card Division to the effect that you had a copy of Pogue's "The Turquois" with this word spelled, on the title-page, \rf.th a final _e (tiirquoise) May I ask whether your copy is identical with the one described on our card 15-26275, or with 16-1440 (both cards enclosed)? If it corresponds with neither, will you kindly send us a photo- stat of the title-page and an indication of the differences (Insofar as these may be determined by an examination of our cards) between your copy and ours? Very truly yours, /Ccfl^-o^-cC? Julian Leavitt Chief, Catalogue Division (enclosures) Library of Congress Catalogue Division washington July 18 1935 Mr. Frederick A. Blossom, Librarian, Huntington Free Library and. Reading Room, 9 Westchester Square, New York City. Dear Mr. Blossom: I am grateful for your letter of the 15th and have forwarded it to the Division of Accessions, with a recommendation (copy of which is attached) for immediate acceptance. With cordial greetings, I am, Very truly yours, Chief, Catalogue Division . jTttlyl* 1931 I«f•rrtof to 9tt9t 6f HuaU&gtAB ft— ItilnnHT •ad Ko«4ia£ I«mi, Jtilr If » 1955 i Bimtlagioii 7re« biknasy ooid iM^diiof Ksoa* r«f«ra to * QVgW ^^ «^ la«a« of fiHEV«*0 *^o t«Hr(|ttois*»f dlff«plag Srtm otlior Icaonn tstaot wljr li^ ftpolliag ih« wnrd taaw^aaaAaf (fisua •) tn tlb« Utlo«<iM#»* A« fM.it !••«• it tuitoova teth t» Sr* Fmi BrM)M»t«»», B»Mmtii« tmevtmef of tlM 9ot4o»«l Aoodonjr of Seieaeoi (vbieh iosaodi tho |raikl.i««tiw)f oad to Mr* H0m$ ^o sttthtHc «w»* «ad in not JUwotod la lBi«Ei 6ftt&lflfao» I orgoatly roeooaumd that Hr* Bloft«<ni*« good off«»> iMi «eoof)to4» wid thot tho fkblieotisat idton eX«u>od Ia t^o SiTlsioa of lieooooi«Q«t b« forvordocl 4irootljr to ao with a *f|^olol Attaaatim* alls. tbM 90»%$0mitft of Ify. Blooaos'o lottori rofmndsf to • iprovtoaa offer 1^ fho fortKl#tl7 Bovioi*, Foh. 15« 1<S^» Isas »oi booK olieakod Iqr U8« - '- Cki9ft Cataloguo Si'vlfiloa iiHi jitfi> ) . «j <^ii iW»W»> ii|inilraiy # * fOfMHf l0««#i toidelel. l^mv^dLs^ <h atii^ of ito lii8%oti7, wiaoraloiar, #Ma,a«jr» otteoliiir» «rols«oolii|]r .*. la^lafiea, 1915. tO^e. 16«I440; lf>S6275} o* IiOttMr Jstt|«at t2» 3^54* ob fUo ia Oatalogno MHsioa* HMf uttor M«iiit 10» 1934* • • • • • •:^.. r 4-- 10 ^"^. V. '" v,.*.(6!SCi^ 'i^ 12 AMERICAN TURQUOIS AND TURQUOIS MATRIX. (Plate prepared in cooperation with the U. S. Geological Survey.) Fig. 1. Pale-blue turquois; Gove Turquois mine, near Cottonwood, San Bernardino County, Cal. Fig. 2. Turquois matrix; Royal Blue Turquois mine, in Nye County, near Millers, Nev. Fig. 3. Turquois matrix; Weber mine, Belmont, Nye County, Nev. Fig. 4. Dark-blue turquois; Azure mine, Burro Mountains, N. Mex. Fig. 5. Cobweb turquois matrix; Southwest Turquois Co. mine, Mineral Park, Ariz. Fig. 6. Nugget of turquois, polished on one side; Myers and Bona Turquois mine, 13 miles north of west of Millers, ' ' Esmeralda County, Nev. ' i , Fig. 7. Split veinlet of turquois showing a " Y" patterii; presented to a student at Yale University; Los Ajigeles Gem Co. mine. Mineral Park; Ariz. Fig. 8. Pendant of turquois matrix; Southwest Turquois Co. mine. Mineral Park, Ariz. Fig. 9. Turquois in dark brown mati^x; Royal Blue Turquois mine, near Millers, Nev. Fig. 10. Intersecting veinlets of turquois in matrix; New Azure mine, Burro Mountains, N. Mex. Fig. 11. Vemletof turquois in matrix; Cameo Claim, Little Hachita Mountains, N. Mex. Fig. 12. Nodular turquois; Southwest Turquois Co. mine. Mineral Park, Ariz. Fig. 13. Turquois matrix; Los Cerrillos, N. Mex. U. S. National Museum. MEMOIRS OP THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Part II THIRD MKMIOIB WASHINGH'OM ISTATIOlSrAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Volume XII. THIRD MEMOIR. THE TURQUOISE. A STUDY OF ITS HISTORY, MINERALOaY, GEOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, AROHiEOLOGY, MYTHOLOGY, FOLKLORE, AND TECHNOLOGY. BY JOSEPH E. POGUE, Ph. D., ASSOCIATE GEOLOGIST, UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, FORMERLY ASSISTANT CURATOR DIVISION OF MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, FELLOW OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OP AMERICA. PEEFAOE, Some years ago the writer undertook a study of turquois, with the purpose of presenting an account not only of its mineralogy and geology, but of its history, ethnology, and technology as well. He entered upon this task with no adequate conception of its magnitude or appre- ciation of its difficulty, and was enabled to bring it to conclusion only through a position that placed at his command excellent library facihties and the Government collections and gave him access to advice of many experts on subjects not his own. While he has aimed at reasonable completeness in its execution he reahzes that much of importance has escaped him. He is aware also of many deficiencies in the treatment of subjects in which he has had little experience. In spite of these drawbacks it is hoped that the present treatise may arouse a greater interest in a fascinatmg field—that concerned with precious stones in their relation to mankind. The investigation was carried on while the writer was in charge of the mineralogical collections of the United States National Museum, and he is indebted to the officials of that institution, particularly to Dr. George P. Merrill, Head Curator of Geology, not only for opportunity of doing this work, but also for encouragement and cooperation during its pro- gress. He feels that he owes more than can be adequately acknowledged to ideas, suggestions, and help on the part of many who have been so kind as to take an interest in the under- taking. Special thanks are due Dr. Walter Hough, Curator of Ethnology in the National Museum, for information, references, and experience, a critical examination of a portion of the text, and constant encouragement and interest; Mr. Douglas B. Sterrett, of the United States Geological Survey, for use of unpublished notes on the turquois localities of this country, review of the portion of text covering these occurrences, and cooperation in the preparation of the colored plate shown in the frontispiece; and Dr. Berthold Laufer, Associate Curator of Asiatic Ethnology in the Field Museum of Chicago, for invaluable information, numerous ref- erences, and especially for a most thorough and scholarly treatment of the turquois in India, Tibet, and China—a contribution originally planned to appear as an appendix to this mono- graph, but which, because of unavoidable exigencies, has been published in advance.' Dr. Laufer's critical and searching study, which appears under the modest title, "Notes on Turquois in the East," ^ is the fruit of high attainment in a field difficult of access to the westerner, and it offers a wealth of information that would have long remained buried but for the efforts of that accomphshed scholar. The present writer has attempted to include in this treatise the main results set forth in Dr. Laufer's paper, but the critical reader must be referred to the original for the detail that could not be here admitted without reprinting the entire paper. Other friends and workers have generously supplied information or aided the study in other ways, and to these the writer wishes to extend his grateful acknowledgment, as follows: Prof.