ERS AK M ON ECISI D R O F ANDBOOK H Jochen Rehrl (ed.): Rehrl Jochen HANDBOOK FOR DECISION MAKERS THE COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION ISBN: 987-3-902275-35-6 HANDBOOK FOR DECISION MAKERS The COmmON SecUritY AND DefeNce POLicY OF the EUROpeAN UNION edited by Jochen Rehrl with forewords of H. E. Gerald Klug Federal Minister of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria H. E. Walter Stevens Chair of the Political and Security Committee General Patrick de Rousiers Chair of the European Union Military Committee Mika-Markus Leinonen Chair of the Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management Disclaimer: Any views or opinions presented in this handbook are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the European Union or the Austrian Ministry of Defence and Sports. Imprint: Publication of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Editor: Jochen Rehrl Published by: Directorate for Security Policy of the Federal Ministry of Defence and Sports of the Republic of Austria Photos: Henny Ray Abrams, Etienne Ansotte, Austrian Armed Forces, Austrian Study Centre for Peace and Conflict Resolution, Tashana Batista, Alexander Belousov, Thierry Chesnot, Council General Secretariat, Council of the EU, Council of the European Union, Fehim Demir, Christos Dogas, Earth Observatory of Singapore, EEAS, EEAS/EUBAM Moldova, EEAS/EUCAP NESTOR, EEAS/EULEX Kosovo, EEAS/EUNAVFOR Somalia, EEAS/EUTM Mali, Patricia Esteve, EU Council, EUFOR ALTHEA, EUFOR Tchad/ RCA, EULEX/Enisa Kasemi, European Communities, European Council, European External Action Service, European Space Agency, European Union, EUROPOL CORPS, EUROSUR HQ, Federal Ministry for European and Internnational Affairs of Austria, Frontex, Alain Grosclaude, ICC-CPI, Enisa Kassemi, Max Koot, Christian Lambiotte, Pedro Lareira, J.P. Lederach, Heidi Levine, NATO, Herbert Pendl, Pusch, Jochen Rehrl, Mario Salerno, Alain Schroeder, Dragan Tatic, Franz Weber http://eur-lex.europa.eu, www.consilium.europa.eu, www.ec.europa.eu, www.eeas.europa.eu, www.enisa.europa.eu, www.iaea.org, www.istock.com, www.sxc.hu, www.terrymurrayblog.com Photo credits for the front page: EEAS/EUMM Georgia, EEAS/EUNAVFOR Somalia, EEAS/EULEX Kosovo, EEAS/EUPOL Afghani- stan, European Commission Printed and bound by: Armed Forces Printing Centre,Vienna/Austria, 2014 BMLVS 13-8349 ISBN: 987-3-902275-35-6 CONTENTS 1 The WIDer pictUre OF CFSP/CSDP 1.1. CSDP – what lies behind the Acronym (Céline Ruiz, Desmond Doyle, Katrin Hagemann) ..... 14 1.2. Internal and External Security Strategies (Gustav Lindstrom) ................................................. 16 1.3. Global Strategy (Sven Biscop) .......................................................................................................20 1.4. Strategic Partners (Thomas Renard) ............................................................................................26 2 EU crisis MANAGemeNT 2.1. The EEAS crisis response system (Jean Marc Pisani, Stavros Petropoulos) ...........................32 2.2. CFSP-CSDP Structures ....................................................................................................................36 2.2.1. High Level/Council Structures .............................................................................................36 2.2.2. EEAS Structures The EEAS Crisis Response & Operational Co-ordination Department (Agostino Miozzo) .........................................................................................................38 The Crisis Management and Planning Directorate (Didier Lenoir) ..................................38 The European Union Military Staff (Wolfgang Wosolsobe) ............................................38 The Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability (Hansjörg Haber ) ...................................40 The Security Policy and Conflict Prevention Directorate (Joëlle Jenny) ........................40 The EU Intelligence Analysis Centre (Ilkka Sami) ..............................................................40 The European Union Operations Centre (Adrianus van der Linde) .................................40 2.2.3. Chair of the Committee for Civilian Aspects of Crisis Management – a view from the Chair (Mika-Markus Leinonen) ............................................................. 41 2.3. Decision Making/Shaping ...............................................................................................................43 2.3.1. Crisis Management Procedures (Yves de Kermabon) .......................................................43 2.3.2. Who is in Charge? Natural Friction in the CSDP Decision-Making Process (Alexander Mattelaer) ..........................................................................................................48 2.4. Principles and Guidelines................................................................................................................52 2.4.1. Comprehensive Approach (Snowy Lintern) .......................................................................52 2.4.2. The CSDP/FSJ link (Céline Ruiz, Michel Savary) ...............................................................55 2.4.3. Financing of CFSP Engagements (Uwe Harms, Yannik Semerle) ....................................59 2.4.4. Human Rights and Gender in CSDP Missions and Operations (Jane Anttila) ................64 2.5. Overview of CSDP missions and operations .................................................................................. 70 3 TRAINING, RecrUitmeNT AND SKILLS FOR LEADership POsitiONS 3.1. Training and Recruitment ...............................................................................................................72 3.1.1. Training and Recruitment for Civilian Missions (Richard Badoux) ..................................73 3.1.2. Training and Recruitment for Military Operations (Alin Bodescu) ..................................75 3.1.3. Rapid Response – Pool of Experts (Joel Schuyer) ............................................................ 81 3.1.4. The European Security and Defence College (Jochen Rehrl) ..........................................84 4 HANDBOOK FOR DECISION MAKERS 3.2. Skills ..................................................................................................................................................89 3.2.1. Cultural Awareness (Hans Lampalzer) ................................................................................89 3.2.2. Negotiation Basics (Miriam Fugfugosh) .............................................................................93 3.2.3. Reporting (Miriam Fugfugosh) ............................................................................................98 3.2.4. Conflict Analysis (Eldridge Adolfo) .................................................................................... 102 4 REGIONAL CONteXT 4.1. The European Union and its South and the East (Marc Franco) ..............................................106 4.1.1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................106 4.1.2. A Brief Note on Relations with the EFTA-Neighbours ..................................................... 107 4.1.3. Development of EEC/EU Relations with the Southern Neighbours ...............................109 4.1.4. The Relations of the EU with its Eastern and Southeastern Neighbours ...................... 112 4.1.5. The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) ..................................................................... 116 4.1.6. Summary .............................................................................................................................. 118 4.2. Western Balkans and the EU perspective (Terkel Petersen) ..................................................... 122 4.3. Sahel (Fernando Moreno) ............................................................................................................ 124 4.4. Horn of Africa (Jean Philippe Scherer) ....................................................................................... 126 5 HOriZONTAL IssUes 5.1. Conflict Prevention, Peace-building and Mediation (Andrew Byrne) ..................................... 130 5.2. Non-Proliferation (Wolfgang Rudischhauser) ...........................................................................134 5.3. Anti-Corruption (Georg-Florian Grabenweger) ......................................................................... 142 5.4. International Criminal Justice including the International Criminal Court (Christian Behrmann) .................................................................................................................... 147 5.5. Rule of Law (Anja Opitz) ............................................................................................................... 151 5.6. Space Policy (Frank Asbeck) ........................................................................................................154 5.7. Sanctions (Kees Smit Sibinga) .................................................................................................... 159 5.8. Cyber Security ................................................................................................................................163 5.9. Maritime Security (Marcus Houben) ........................................................................................... 166 5.10 Security Sector Reform (Michaela Friberg-Storey) ..................................................................