Ethnic Minority Development Plan __________________________________________________________________________ Project No: 41220-013 May 2019 PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project For Maranao subprojects: Natural Resources Management Rural Infrastructures Livelihood Enhancement Support Prepared by the Department of Environment and Natural Resources for the Asian Development Bank. i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 April 2019) Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.01938 $1.00 = PhP 51.5875 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank ARMM Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao BDC Barangay Development Council CSO Civil Society Organization DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project LGU Local Government Unit NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRM Natural Resources Management PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices SB Sangguniang Bayan SPMU Sub-Project Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TOR Terms of Reference WMA Watershed Management Area WMPCO Watershed Management and Project Coordination Offices NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated. This Ethnic Minority Development Plan for Maranao is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ii GLOSSARY Ancestral Domains - areas generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas, and natural resources held under a claim of ownership, occupied or possessed by ICCs/IPs, by themselves or through their ancestors, communally or individually since time immemorial, continuously to the present even when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects or any other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals or corporations, and which are necessary to ensure their economic, social and cultural welfare. It shall include forests, pastures, residential, agricultural and other lands individually owned whether alienable and disposable otherwise, hunting grounds, burial rounds, worship areas, bodies of water, mineral and other natural resources and lands which may no longer be exclusively occupied by ICCs/IPs but from which they traditionally had access to for their subsistence and traditional activities, particularly the home ranges of ICCs and IPs who are still nomadic and or shifting cultivators. Ancestral Lands - refer to "lands occupied, possessed and utilized by individuals, families and clans who are members of the ICCs/IPs since time immemorial, by themselves or through their predecessors-in-interest, under claims of individual or traditional group ownership, continuously, to the present even when interrupted by war, force majeure or displacement by force, deceit, stealth or as a consequence of government projects, and other voluntary dealings entered into by government and private individuals/corporations, including, but not limited to residential lots, rice terraces or paddies, private forests, swidden farms and tree lots." Certificate of Ancestral Domain Title (CADT) - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of possession and ownership of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral domains identified and delineated in accordance with this law. Certificate of Ancestral Land Title (CALT) - refers to a title formally recognizing the rights of ICCs/IPs over their ancestral lands. Indigenous Cultural Community/ Indigenous People – refers to a group of people or homogenous societies identified by self-ascription and ascription by others, who have continuously lived as organized community on communally bounded and defined territory, and who have, under claims of ownership since time immemorial, occupied, possessed and utilized such territories, sharing common bonds of language, customs, traditions and other distinctive cultural traits, or who have, through resistance to political, social and cultural inroads of colonization, non-indigenous religions and cultures, became historically differentiated from the majority of Filipinos. ICCs/IPs shall likewise include peoples who are regarded as indigenous on account of their descent from the populations which inhabited the country, at the time of conquest or colonization, or at the time of inroads of non-indigenous religions and cultures, or the establishment of present state boundaries, who retain some or all of their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions, but who may have been displaced from their traditional domains or who may have resettled outside their ancestral domains”. Protected Area - refers to identified portions of land and water set aside by reasons of their unique physical and biological significance, managed to enhance biological diversity and protected against destructive human exploitation. iii Maranao –An ethnic tribe known as the “People of the Lake”, which is one of 13 ethnoliguistic groups in Mindanao. They are also one of the main Muslim-Moro ethnolinguistic groups in Mindanao. Bangsamoro People –Those who, at the advent of the Spanish colonization, were considered natives or original inhabitants of Mindanao and Sulu Archipelago and its adjacent islands, whether of mixed of full blood, shall have the right to identify themselves, their spouses and descendants, as Bangsamoro1 1 Art II, Section 1 of Republic Act 11054 –An act providing for the organic law for the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao iv Table of Contents GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................................. III LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ VI A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 B. PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................... 5 C. SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ....................................................................................... 26 D. SOME SOCIAL AND CULTURAL PRACTICES OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP ............ 32 E. DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF MARANAO ETHNIC GROUP............................................ 33 F. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF NATURAL RESOURCES OF LAKE LANAO RIVE BASIN ....... 34 H. KEY PROJECT STAKEHOLDERS ...................................................................................... 35 I. ADVERSE AND POSITIVE EFFECTS OF THE PROJECT ................................................ 35 J. PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION ABOUT THE PROJECT ........................................................... 35 L. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ........................ 36 M. BENEFICIAL AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................................................................... 58 N. CAPACITY BUILDING ......................................................................................................... 59 O. INSTITUTIONAL AND IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENT ........................................... 60 Q. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .............................................................................. 66 R. MONITORING, REPORTING AND EVALUATION .............................................................. 68 S. BUDGET AND FINANCING ................................................................................................ 69 P. ANNEXES ........................................................................................................................... 71 Annex 1. Documentation of Consultations for NRM ................................................................... 71 Annex 2. Documentation of Consultations LES .......................................................................... 71 Annex 3. Documentation of Consultations RI ............................................................................. 71 v LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Proposed rural infrastructure subproposals of six local government units in the LLRB . .................................................................................................................... 6 Table 2. List of livelihood enhancement support subprojects proposals in the LLRB. .................. 8 Table 3. List of Natural Resources Management (NRM) subproject proposals for the LLRB. ...... 9 Table 4. Estimated distribution of population over time in the LLRB. ......................................... 33 Table 5. List of consultative meetings for the 41 POs in the LLRB. ............................................ 38 Table 6. Implementation schedule .............................................................................................. 65 Table 7. Indicative Budget .......................................................................................................... 69 vi A. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY