Slovenska agentura zivotneho prostredia Centrum pre revitalizaciu zafazenych oblast) Prievidza Stredisko Nitra SPRAVA O STAVE ±ivotn 6ho prostredia NITRIANSKEHO KRAJA K ROKU 2002 Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Nitrianskeho kraja k roku 2002 Nazov: Sprava o stave zivotneho prostredia Nitrianskeho kraja k roku 2002 Hlavny gestor: RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova Vypracoval: SAZP Banska Bystrica, Centrum pre revitalizaciu zat’azenych oblasti Prievidza, Stredisko Nitra Regionalny gestor Ing. Klaudia Hlavata Autorsky kolektfv: Ing. Alena Adamkovicova, RNDr. Juraj Bebej CSc., Ing. Emilia Bod ova, RNDr. Peter Bobus, Mgr. Jana Bracinikova, Mgr. Eubomir Gajdos, Akad. arch. Alexandra Goryczkova, Ing. Marta Hajnikova, Ing. Katarina Halabrinova, Ing. Tatiana Hornanova, Ing. arch. Kristina Hyrossova, Ing. arch. Chocholova, Ing. Alexander Jancarik, RNDr. Iveta Jecmenova, Ing. Radoslava Kanianska CSc., Mgr. Peter Kapusta, Ing. Juliana Knazovicka, Ing. Alena Koval ’ova, Ing. Alexander Kralik, Ing. Miroslav Lacuska CSc. Ing. Vladimir Lazorisak, Ing. Juraj Malik, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. I vie a Psenakova, Ing. Miriam Rolkova, RNDr. Eva Sekova, Ing. Eudmila Stevicova, Ing. Vladimir Vagasky Graficke podklady a sadzba textu: Marian Merka, Mgr. Jozef Prievoznik, RNDr. Peter Proksa, Ing. Miriam Rolkova Spolupraca: Institucie uvedene ako zdroje informacii OBSAH 1. ZAKLADNE INFORMACIE O UZEMI..... 2. ZLOZKY ZIVOTNEHO PROSTREDIA A ICH OCHRANA 8 8 2.1.1 Emisna situacia............................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1.1 Bilancia emisii zakladnych znecist’ujucich latok ...................................................................................................9 2.1.1.2 Poradie najvyznamnejsich zdrojov znecist’ovania ovzdusia v kraji podl ’a mnozstva emisii...................... 12 2.1.2 Imisna situacia..............................................................................................................................................................12 2.1.2.2 Lokalne znecistenie ovzdusia .......................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Pnzemny ozon. ............................................................................................................................................. 13 2.1.3.1 Imisne limity, kriticke hodnoty pre ozon ;<y 13 2.2 V ODA................................................................................................. ******...................................................... 13 2.2.1.2.1 Povrchove vodyvodv ............................................................................... ..T.^.V............................................................ 13 2.2.1.1 Zrazkove a odtokove pomery 13 2.2.1.2 Uzivanie povrchovych vod.... 15 2.2.1.3 Bilancia vodnych zdrojov ...... ....................'A'V?* A'l‘ ♦ ♦........... 16 2.2.1.4 Kvalita povrchovych vod ...... 17 .......... 2.2.1.5 Voda na kupanie..................... i®....[j&ZZZZZ 20 2.2.2 Podzemne vody .................................................^ 21 2.2.2.1 Vodne zdroje ............................................... 21 2.2.22 Uzivanie podzemnych vod ...................^.2?....^$?...... 23 2.2.23 Kvalita podzemnych vod ..................^........................... 24 2.2.3 Odp ado v e v ody 28 2.2.4 Vodovody, kanalizacie a cistiarndcmpgcWych vod .............................................................................................29 2.2.4.1 Vodovody .....£$-)&■■■■■ ................................................................................................. 29 2.2.4.2 Kanalizacie.................. 30 2.2.5 Pitna voda 31 2.3 HORNINOVE PROSTRjpffi.......................................................................................................................................32 2.3.1 Geologicke faktop^^?. ..............................................................................................................................................32 2.4 PODA................................................................................................................................................................................. 44 2.4.2 ZaklaApkdastnosti pod ................................................................................................................................................45 2.4.2.1 Chernicke vlastnosti pod ..........................................................................................................................................45 2.4.2.2 Fyzikalne v lastno sti pod ............................................................................................................................ 46 2.4*3 Chemicka degradacia ................................................................................................................................... 47 2.4.4 Fyzikalna degradacia .................................................................................................................................................... 49 2-*5 11—O ............................................................................................................................................. 49 2.5.1 Zakladna charakteristika rastlinstva na uzemi kraja.............................................................................................. 49 2.5.2 Ohrozenost ’ vol ’ne zijucich rastlin............................................................................................................................ 51 2-*5*3 Druhova och.rana rastlin................................................................................................................................ 53 2.6 ZIVOCISSTVO............................................................................................................................................................... 54 2.6.1 Zakladna charakteristika fanny na uzemi kraja.........................................................................................................54 2.6.2 Druhova ochrana zivocichov .......................................................................................................................................55 2.6.3 Pofovna zver..................................................................................................................................................................57 3. OCHRANA PRIRODY A TVORBA KRAJINY 58 3.1 PRIRODNE DEDICSTVO A JEHO OCHRANA....................................................................................................58 3.1.1 Sucasna sustava legislativne chranenych uzemi.....................................................................................................58 3.1.1.1 Vel’koplosne chranene uzemia................................................................................................................................58 3.1.1.2 Maloplosne chranene uzemia.................................................................................................................................. 59 3.1.1.3 Chranene stromy ........................................................................................................................................................62 3.1.1.4 Chranene nerasty a chranene skameneliny ............................................................................................................63 3.1.2 Lokality medzinarodneho vyznamu .......................................................................................................................... 64 3.1.3 Ohrozenost ’ a degradacia chranenych uzemi a chranenych stromov .................................................................. 64 3.1.4 Starostlivost ’ o chranene uzemia................................................................................................................................64 3.1.5 NATURA 2000............................................................................................................................................................. 66 3.2 UZEMNY SYSTEM EKOLOGICKEJ STABILITY 67 3.3 KULTURNE DEDICSTVO V KRAJINE A JEHO OCHRANA 73 3.3.1 Historicke sidelne struktury ........................................................... 73 3.3.2 Historicke krajinne struktury .......................................................... 74 3.3.3 Historicke objekty ............................................................................ o?...cCV 75 3.3.4 Svetove kulturne dedicstvo .................................................................... 4 77 3.4 PRIESTOROVE USPORIADANIE A FUNKCNE VYUZITlfi^EM^^..... 78 3.4.1 Zakladne demograficke udaje............................................... .^&.....^.Ou%........ 78 81 3.4.3 Sidelna struktura.......................................................... ............................................. 83 3.4.3.1 Centra osidlenia .....................................................^..^.....^X............................ 83 3.4.3.2 Taziska osidlenia .............................................. ............................. 84 3.4.3.3 Rozvojove osi .......................................................................................................... 85 3.4.4 Uzemne pianovanie ................................ .................................................................. 85 3.4.4.1 Uzemnoplanovacia dokumentacia ............................................. 86 3.4.4.2 Uzemnoplanovacia dokumentacia^bci ................................................