SR71 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized SOCIAL ASSESSMENT LESSERU-MARICH PASS- Public Disclosure Authorized LODWAR-NAKODOK A1 ROAD SOUTH SUDAN-EA REGIONAL TRANSPORT, TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITATION PROJECT (EARTTDFP) Prepared by FINAL Public Disclosure Authorized RESEARCH SOUND SUPPORT CONSULTANTS LIMITED [email protected] 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 2 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................. 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 8 STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................... 8 PROJECT RATIONALE AND IMPACT ................................................................................................. 12 Project Justification .................................................................................................................................... 12 Project Beneficiaries ................................................................................................................................... 13 Legal And Policy Background ................................................................................................................. 14 Vulnerable And Marginalized Groups In Project Corridor ................................................................. 14 The Socio-Economic study ....................................................................................................................... 16 KEY IMPACTS (BENEFICIAL AND ADVERSE) ON VULNERABLE GROUPS ............................. 16 Summary of Results of Free Prior Informed Consultation ..................................................................... 24 framework for free, prior and informed consultations ........................................................................ 29 monitoring and evaluation ....................................................................................................................... 31 implementation arrangements ................................................................................................................. 32 Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure .............................................................................................. 32 Project Implementing Unit –KENHA ................................................................................................... 33 Liaison with the Government of Kenya ................................................................................................. 33 1 INTRODUCTION AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT SUMMARY ................................ 35 1.1 Background Information ............................................................................................................ 35 1.2 The Project .................................................................................................................................... 35 1.3 Project Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 35 1.4 Reasons For Social Assessment ................................................................................................. 36 1.5 Vulnerable And Marginalized Groups’ in the Project Area .................................................. 36 1.6 Project Components .................................................................................................................... 37 1.6.1 Component 1: Upgrading Critical Road Infrastructure in the Recipient Territory ................ 37 1.6.2 Component 2: Facilitation of Regional Transport, Trade and Development .......................... 37 1.6.3 Component 3: Institutional Development and Program Management .................................. 38 1.6.4 Component 4: Enhancing Internet Connectivity .................................................................... 38 1.7 Project Rationale And Impact .................................................................................................... 39 1.7.1 Project Impact .......................................................................................................................... 39 1.8 Project Justification ...................................................................................................................... 40 1.9 Project Beneficiaries .................................................................................................................... 41 1.10 Legal And Policy Background ................................................................................................... 41 1.10.1 National ................................................................................................................................ 41 1.10.2 International ......................................................................................................................... 43 1.11 Vulnerable And Marginalized Groups In Project Corridor................................................... 43 1.11.1 Characteristics of Pokot and Turkana Community ............................................................... 43 2 STUDY SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY ......................................................................... 46 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 46 2.2 Study Scope .................................................................................................................................. 46 2.3 Study Methodology .................................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Baseline Assessment ................................................................................................................. 46 2.3.2 Public Consultation ................................................................................................................. 46 2.3.3 Focus Group Discussion .......................................................................................................... 47 2.3.4 Individual Interviews ............................................................................................................... 47 2.3.5 Impact Identification and Evaluation ...................................................................................... 47 3 DESCRIPTION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL, INSTITUTIONAL, HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL CONTEXT ............................................................................................................. 48 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 48 3.2 Socio-Cultural Context ............................................................................................................... 48 2 3.2.1 Demographics in Project Affected Areas-Turkana ................................................................... 48 3.2.2 Agriculture and Land Tenure .................................................................................................. 49 3.2.3 Land Tenure in the Project Area .............................................................................................. 50 3.2.4 Livelihoods and Economy ......................................................................................................... 50 3.2.5 Economy and Employment ...................................................................................................... 51 3.2.6 Poverty and Vulnerability ....................................................................................................... 52 3.2.7 Education ................................................................................................................................. 52 3.2.8 Water and Sanitation ............................................................................................................... 53 3.2.9 Energy ...................................................................................................................................... 54 3.2.10 Housing and Other Assets .................................................................................................... 56 3.2.11 History and Culture of Turkana ........................................................................................... 58 3.3 West Pokot County ..................................................................................................................... 61 3.3.1 Position and Size ...................................................................................................................... 61 3.3.2 Administrative and Political Units .......................................................................................... 61 3.3.3 Demographic Features ............................................................................................................. 62 3.3.4 Education and Literacy ............................................................................................................ 63 3.3.5 Energy ....................................................................................................................................