Ancient Rome: Rise of an Empire After the Reformers Enter Julius Caesar Early Life • Born 100 BCE • Supposedly descended from Romulus and Remus • Grandnephew of Gaius Marius Watch the Video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3 First 14:30 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqElPOyb-S4&t=868s (For the next 2 slide notes & then go over the slides) Military Life -Leads army into Northern Gaul Political Life -elected consul in 59 BCE Plan for Power -join with Pompey t he Great (military leader) & Cr assus (wealthy politician) to secure t he 1st triumvirate W hat wer e his successes? • -Conquers all of Gaul • -Cr osses the Rhine • -Fight s the Germanic tribes • -Invades Great Britain Should have reviewed the last 2 slides for notes from the video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3 First 14:30 minutes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqElPOyb-S4&t=868s The Crossing of the Rubicon River Why did Caesar cross the What happens to the Rubicon River? Triumvirate? -Caesar invades Rome by Cr assus dies in crossing the river; considered Per sia-Triumvirate treason against Rome is gone -Caesar takes all of Italy, & Pompey was killed in Egypt. What does the Senate decide? -Disband Caesar’s army & have him return to Rome -Caesar refused -Pompey sides with Senate -This signals t he st ar t of a civil war between Caesar & Pompey/Rome. After Caesar Defeats Pompey Caesar: Large and in Charge 47 BCE: Caesar named dictator 45 BCE: Caesar named dictator for LIFE Caesar’s Reforms 1. Distributed free grain 2. Set up colonies 4. Creat ed public where poor people w or ks jobs for the poor could own land 3. Est ablished t he Praet orian Guard 6. Set up the Julian calendar (our calendar) 5. Granted citizenship to conquered peoples Differing Views of Caesar as a Ruler The good? The bad? Wise ruler A tyrant who who wanted to be brought king. peace to Rome. What do you think? The Assassination of CaesarThe Ides of March: Where does this law -March 15 44 BCE, Caesar Why was Julius Caesar come from? was assassinated by the assassinated? Senate -Ancient Roman Law- -Rome was plunged into civil anyone who plotted to war be king may be killed without a trial. -The Senators also Watch the Video: Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Episode 3 feared Caesar’s power Last 10 minutes: and popularity, and that https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lq he would diminish their ElPOyb-S4&t=868s role in government. After Caesar Dies The Second Triumvirate Who makes up the 2nd Triumvirate? -Three of Caesar’s supporters banded together to kill all of Caesar ’s assassins and t o f ix Rome. -Octavian (Caesar’s grandnephew, gets the West including Italy) -Marc Antony (Caesar’s general, gets the East including Greece and Egypt) -Marcus Lepidus (power politician gets North Africa) Accomplishments: The Second Triumvirate -42 BCEdefeat ed t he Sen at e -Execut ed all Senators responsible for Caesar’s deat h -The triumvirate ruled for 10 years. Trouble with the Triumvirate… End result? What happened to the 2nd Triumvirate? • Octavian renamed • Octavian plotted to himself Augustus and t ake all t he power for became t he 1st Roman himself & not share it Empi r e. with his two other companions. • Octavian forced Lepidus to retire from politics. • Marc Antony committed suicide with his lover Cleopat ra after Octavian defeated him in battle. Augustus Caesar 27 BCE appointed Consul, Tribune, and Commander in Chief for life BI G D EA LS: -ruled for 41 years -reformed the provinces -welfare syst em of bread at circuses -imports grain to feed people -rebuilds Rome-replaces brick with marble -built new roads Augustus Caesar Major Result -Augustus’ rule resulted in the Pax Romana: 200 years of peace Problem: Augustus left no rule f or succession Works Cited List http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-5125295/Landing-site-Julius-Caesars- invasion-Britain-found.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallic_Wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar http://slideplayer.com/slide/11001087/ https://www.historyandheadlines.com/words-phrases-we-got-from-romans/ https://www.preceden.com/timelines/136821-world-history http://www.ssqq.com/travel/barcelona2009caesar.htm http://thedailyjournalist.com/the-historian/dissecting-romes-second-triumvirate/ https://www.goldstar.com/los-angeles https://www.military-history.org/intel/augustus-caesar-the-greatest-leader-of-all-time.htm https://study.com/academy/lesson/roman-law-and-the-pax-romana.html https://www.haikudeck.com/pax-romana-education-presentation-7Jcrjr0kxA http://www.italymagazine.com/featured-story/romans-chariot-racing http://www.history.com/news/history-lists/8-ways-roads-helped-rome-rule-the-ancient-world.