Placement of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piling The Effects of Heat of Hydration of Mass Concrete for Cast-In-Place Piles Division of Research & Innovation Final Report 14-ft Pile; ABAQUS Model, Series 1 (Total Cementitious Materials 675 lb/cy) Report CA07-0936 December 2008 Placement of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piling The Effects of Heat of Hydration of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piles Final Report Report No. CA07-0936 December 2008 Prepared By: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering One Washington Square San Jose State University San Jose, CA 95192 Prepared For: California Department of Transportation Engineering Services Center 1801 30th Street Sacramento, CA 95816 California Department of Transportation Division of Research and Innovation, MS-83 1227 O Street Sacramento, CA 95814 DISCLAIMER STATEMENT This document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California or the Federal Highway Administration. This publication does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. This report does not constitute an endorsement by the Department of any product described herein. STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE TR0003 (REV. 10/98) 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION NUMBER 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER CA07-0936 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. REPORT DATE Placement of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piling: The Effects of December, 2008 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE Heat of Hydration of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piles 7. AUTHOR(S) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. Akthem Al-Manaseer, Najah Elias SJSU ALM - 115 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. WORK UNIT NUMBER Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering 11. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER One Washington Square San Jose State University DRI Research Task No. 0936 San Jose, CA 95192-0083 Contract No. 59A0521 12. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED California Department of Transportation Final Report Engineering Services Center th 1801 30 Street 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Sacramento, CA 95816 913 California Department of Transportation Division of Research and Innovation, MS-83 1227 O Street Sacramento, CA 95814 15. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES This report may also be referenced as report SJSU ALM – 115 published by the San Jose State University. 16. ABSTRACT This report describes models, ABAQUS and Schmidt, to predict the peak temperature in the center of cast-in-place concrete piling. Five concrete piles with varying diameters and made up of concrete mixes with different percentage of fly ash are used. The temperature profiles predicted using the finite element program, ABAQUS, are compared to temperatures predicted by the step-by-step method, ACI 207 Schmidt model. The results show that the ABAQUS model correlates better to experimental results and yields better predictions of the temperature profiles than the Schmidt model. The latter is faster to run but overestimates the peak temperature. Using the results from the ABAQUS model, a specification can be recommended that will result in acceptable concrete for large CIDH piles in the range of 6 to 14 feet in diameter. 17. KEY WORDS 18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT Heat of hydration, mass concrete, cast-in-place, piling No restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (of this report) 20. NUMBER OF PAGES 21. PRICE Unclassified 129 Pages Reproduction of completed page authorized SAN JOSE STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING THE EFFECTS OF HEAT OF HYDRATION OF MASS CONCRETE FOR CAST-IN-PLACE CONCRETE PILES By Dr. Akthem Al-Manaseer, Professor Ms. Najah Elias, Graduate Researcher Mr. Alfred Kaufman, Exterior Consultant Mr. Ric Maggenti, Technical Advisor (CALTRANS) Mr. Peter Lee, Project Manager (CALTRANS) i Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Determining Methods to Control the Effects of Heat of Hydration June 30, 2007 and Other Concerns Associated with the Placement of Mass Concrete for Cast-in-Place Concrete Piling 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Akthem Al-Manaseer, Najah Elias SJSU ALM - 115 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering One Washington Square San José State University 11. Contract or Grant No. 59A0521 San José, California 95192-0083 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered California Department of Transportation Final Report Engineering Service Center 6/21/2006 – 6/30/2007 th 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 1801 30 St., West Building MS 9-2/5i Sacramento, California 95816 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the State of California Department of Transportation. 16. Abstract This report describes models, ABAQUS and Schmidt, to predict the peak temperature in the center of cast-in-place concrete piling. Five concrete piles with varying diameters and made up of fourteen concrete mixes with different percentage of fly ash are used. The temperature profiles predicted using the finite element program, ABAQUS, are compared to the temperatures predicted by the step-by-step method, ACI 207 Schmidt model. The results show that the ABAQUS model correlates better to experimental results and yields better predictions of the temperature profiles than the Schmidt model. The latter is faster to run but overestimates the peak temperature. Using the results from the ABAQUS Model, a specification can be recommended that will result in acceptable concrete for large CIDH piles that in the range of 6 to 14 feet in diameter. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Statement Heat of hydration, mass concrete, cast-in-place, piling Unlimited 19. Security Classification (of this report) 20. Security Classification (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price Unclassified Unclassified 121 pages Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized ii ABSTRACT This report describes models, ABAQUS and Schmidt, to predict the peak temperature in the center of cast-in-place concrete piling. Five concrete piles with varying diameters and made up of fourteen concrete mixes with different percentage of fly ash are used. The temperature profiles predicted using the finite element program, ABAQUS, are compared to the temperatures predicted by the step-by-step method, ACI 207 - Schmidt model. The results show that the ABAQUS model correlates better to experimental results and yields better predictions of the temperature profiles than the Schmidt model. The latter is faster to run but overestimates the peak temperature. Using the results from the ABAQUS Model, a specification can be recommended that will result in acceptable concrete for large CIDH piles that in the range of 6 to 14 feet in diameter. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Nomenclature A. Organizations B. General Abbreviations and Symbols List of Figures List of Tables CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................. 1 1.1 Introduction............................................................................ 1 1.2 Scope...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Objective................................................................................ 2 1.4 Project Outline ....................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 MODELING OF CIDH CONCRETE PILES..................................... 4 2.1 Introduction............................................................................ 4 2.2 Material Properties................................................................. 4 2.2.1 Temperature Rise in Concrete Elements............................. 4 2.2.2 Specific Heat....................................................................... 5 2.2.3 Thermal Conductivity ......................................................... 6 2.2.4 Concrete Density................................................................. 6 2.2.5 Thermal Diffusivity ............................................................ 6 2.2.6 Thermal Coefficient of Expansion...................................... 7 2.2.7 Concrete Placing Temperature............................................ 7 2.3 Schmidt Model....................................................................... 9 iv 2.3.1 Method Procedure............................................................... 9 2.3.2 Model Geometry and Size .................................................. 9 2.3.3 Material Properties............................................................ 10 2.3.4 Boundary Conditions ........................................................ 10 2.4 ABAQUS Model.................................................................. 11 2.4.1 Overview........................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Method Procedure............................................................. 11 2.4.3 Model Geometry and Size ................................................ 11 2.4.4 Material Properties...........................................................