Universität Stuttgart Institut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung IER Diplomarbeit Concentrating Solar Power - State of the . Art, Cost Analysis and . Pre-Feasibility Study . for the Implementation . in China . Wen Zhang . Band 487 Concentrating Solar Power - State of the Art, Cost Analysis and Pre-Feasibility Study for the Implementation in China Diplomarbeit angefertigt von Wen Zhang Pfahlbühlstr. 71 71384 Weinstadt Matr. Nr. 2116552 Betreuer: Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Voß Dr. sc. agr. L. Eltrop, IER Studienrichtung: Umweltschutztechnik Vertiefungsfach: Energie und Umwelt II Beginn der Arbeit: 1. Juli 2009 Ende der Arbeit: 18. Dezember 2009 Institut für Energiewirtschaft und Rationelle Energieanwendung, Stuttgart Prof. Dr.-Ing. A. Voß Abteilung Systemanalyse und Erneuerbare Energien (SEE) Dr. sc. agr. L. Eltrop AKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many people have supported me in completing this thesis. In particular, I would like to thank my thesis supervisor Dr. Ludger Eltrop (Department of System Analysis and Renewable En- ergy, University Stuttgart) and my thesis advisors Dr. Ole Langniß and Dipl.-Ing. Bruno Fey (Department of Energy Economics, Fichtner GmbH & Co. KG) for their encouragement and fruitful discussions. I would also like to thank the Energy Foundation for financing this project. I would like to thank all the colleagues in Department of Energy Economics of Fichtner for their useful advices and kindly help. I would also like to thank my parents and my friends for teaching me all about life. I Contents Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 8 2 CSP STATE OF THE ART TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................................ 10 2.1 SOLAR RESOURCES FOR CSP ................................................................................................................... 10 2.2 CSP TECHNOLOGY .................................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.1 Parabolic Trough Systems ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.1.1 Parabolic Reflector ................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.1.2 Heat Absorber .......................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1.3 Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) ....................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2 Linear Fresnel Reflector System ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2.1 Fresnel Reflector ...................................................................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.2 Absorber .................................................................................................................................................. 18 2.2.3 Solar Tower Systems ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.3.1 Heliostat ................................................................................................................................................... 19 2.2.3.2 Tower and Receiver ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.2.4 Dish-Stirling Systems .................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.4.1 Parabolic Reflector (dish) ........................................................................................................................ 25 2.2.4.2 Receiver ................................................................................................................................................... 26 2.3 SOLAR POWER CONVERSION SYSTEMS .................................................................................................... 26 2.3.1 Rankine Cycle Systems ................................................................................................................. 26 2.3.2 Integrated Solar Combined Cycle System (ISCCS) ...................................................................... 27 2.3.3 Hybrid Solar/Rankine-Cycle Generation Systems ........................................................................ 28 2.3.4 Stirling Motor ................................................................................................................................ 28 2.4 THERMAL STORAGE DEVICES .................................................................................................................. 30 2.5 TECHNOLOGY COMPARISON OF CSP ....................................................................................................... 30 3 GLOBAL CSP PROJECTS – A REVIEW ............................................................................................. 33 3.1 PARABOLIC TROUGH PROJECTS ............................................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Commercial Activities .................................................................................................................. 35 3.1.2 Andasol 1-3: Parabolic Trough Plant with Thermal Storage......................................................... 38 3.1.2.1 Site Selection ........................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.2.2 Power Plant Components ......................................................................................................................... 40 3.1.2.3 Operation ................................................................................................................................................. 43 3.2 SOLAR POWER TOWER PROJECTS ............................................................................................................ 44 3.2.1 Projects Overview ......................................................................................................................... 44 3.2.2 PS 10: An 11MW Solar Tower Power Plant in Southern Spain.................................................... 45 3.2.2.1 Location ................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.2.2 Power Plant Components ......................................................................................................................... 46 3.2.2.3 Operation ................................................................................................................................................. 49 4 COST STATUS OF CSP ........................................................................................................................... 50 4.1 METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATION OF LEVELIZED ENERGY COST ......................................................... 50 4.1.1 Definition of Levelized Energy Cost ............................................................................................. 50 4.1.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 50 4.2 OVERVIEW OF CSP COSTS ....................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1 Parabolic Trough ........................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1.1 Investment Cost ....................................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.1.2 Operating & Maintenance Cost ................................................................................................................ 58 4.2.1.3 Levelized Energy Cost ............................................................................................................................. 60 Contents II 4.2.1.4 LEC for project Andasol 1 ....................................................................................................................... 60 4.2.1.5 Cost Reduction Prospects ......................................................................................................................... 62 4.2.2 Solar Power Tower ....................................................................................................................... 63 4.2.2.1 Investment Cost ........................................................................................................................................ 63 4.2.2.2 Operating & Maintenance Costs ............................................................................................................... 68 4.2.2.3 Levelized Energy Cost ............................................................................................................................. 69 4.2.2.4 LEC for Project PS 10 .............................................................................................................................. 70 4.2.2.5 Cost Reduction Prospect..........................................................................................................................