Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2019 Establishing model-to-model interoperability in an engineering workflow Gerrick O. Bivins Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Mechanical Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Bivins, Gerrick O., "Establishing model-to-model interoperability in an engineering workflow" (2019). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 17646. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/17646 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Establishing model-to-model interoperability in an engineering workflow by Gerrick Bivins A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Mechanical Engineering Program of Study Committee: Kenneth M. Bryden, Major Professor Arne Hallam Richard A. Lesar Mark Mba-Wright Abhijit Chandra The student author, whose presentation of the scholarship herein was approved by the program of study committee, is solely responsible for the content of this dissertation. The Graduate College will ensure this dissertation is globally accessible and will not permit alterations after a degree is conferred. Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2019 Copyright © Gerrick Bivins, 2019. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES .........................................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... viii NOMENCLATURE ...................................................................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... xi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Overview.............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Organization ........................................................................................................................ 9 CHAPTER 2. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................12 2.1 Monolithic Modeling and Modeling Frameworks ............................................................. 12 2.2 Engineering Modeling within a Cloud-Computing Environment ..................................... 14 2.3 Microservices ..................................................................................................................... 16 2.4 Integration in Cloud-Computing........................................................................................ 18 2.5 Application Programming Interfaces (API)....................................................................... 21 2.6 System Models as Microservices and the Problem of System Integration ........................ 24 2.7 Semantic Interoperability................................................................................................... 28 2.8 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 3. A SPECIFICATION FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM INTEGRATION ............32 3.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 32 3.2 The Challenge of Communication Between Dynamically Coupled Systems ................... 32 3.3 Application Coupling Interface: A System Integration Specification ............................... 36 3.4 JSON Schema .................................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 45 CHAPTER 4. ENTERPRISE INTEGRATION PATTERNS IN SYSTEM MODELING ...........46 4.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 46 4.2 The Current Landscape ...................................................................................................... 46 4.3 Quick Wins ........................................................................................................................ 48 4.4 Comprehending Realistic System Models ......................................................................... 49 4.4.1 Directed graphs and model execution, workflow representation .............................. 50 4.4.2 Orchestrating execution of directed graph workflow ................................................ 52 4.5 FMS 2.0: Introduction of Enterprise Integration Patterns ................................................. 54 4.5.1 Refactoring ................................................................................................................ 56 4.5.2 Approach ................................................................................................................... 57 4.5.3 Workflow context ...................................................................................................... 58 4.5.4 Relevant message system integration patterns for routing ........................................ 59 4.5.5 Implementation .......................................................................................................... 63 iii 4.5.6 Framework................................................................................................................. 64 4.5.7 Asynchronous subsystem execution of modeled workflows .................................... 65 4.5.8 Routing inbound messages ........................................................................................ 69 4.5.9 Routing internal messages ......................................................................................... 70 4.5.10 Routing outbound messages .................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 5. LEVERAGING THE ACI IN SYSTEM MODELING..........................................74 5.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 74 5.2 General Setup..................................................................................................................... 75 5.3 Discovering Subsystem Models ........................................................................................ 77 5.4 Authoring ACIs ................................................................................................................. 77 5.5 Publishing and Registration ............................................................................................... 78 5.6 Constraint Microservice..................................................................................................... 79 5.7 Protocol Microservice ........................................................................................................ 80 5.8 Registration Microservice .................................................................................................. 81 5.9 Designing realistic systems................................................................................................ 83 5.10 Workflow Microservice ................................................................................................... 84 5.11 Applications of the ACI ................................................................................................. 86 CHAPTER 6. AN EXTENSIBLE FRAMEWORK FOR SYSTEM MODELING/DESIGN .......91 6.1 Overview............................................................................................................................ 91 6.2 Contributing a Web Enabled Subsystem Model ................................................................ 92 6.3 Creating a Web Enabled Subsystem Model ...................................................................... 92 6.4 Creating an ACI for a Web Enabled Model ...................................................................... 95 6.5 Registering an ACI for a Web Enabled Model ................................................................ 104 CHAPTER 7. AUTONOMOUS SYSTEM INTEGRATION USING ACI’S ............................105 7.1 Overview.......................................................................................................................... 105 7.2 Architectural Considerations for Subsystem Models as Microservices in a Cloud Environment .......................................................................................................................... 105 7.3 High Level Architecture of a Decentralized Design Environment .................................. 111 7.4 Web Client Application ..................................................................................................