BIOLOGIJA. 2011. Vol. 57. No. 4. P. 148–158 © Lietuvos mokslų akademija, 2012 The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) Marija Biteniekytė*, This paper summarizes data on all spider (Arachnida, Araneae) species found in Lithuania. The list of 445 Lithuanian spiders (Araneae) of 29 families is based on 35 Vygandas Rėlys sources of literature published until 2011. Family names, generic and species nomen­ clature are in compliance with the classification proposed by N. I. Platnick. All the Department of Zoology, published sources containing information about spider species found in the territory Vilnius University, of Lithuania are provided. Taking into account the described diversity of spider fauna M. K. Čiurlionio str. 21/27, of the neighbouring countries we may expect approximately 100 spider species to be LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania recorded in Lithuanian fauna in the future. Key words: Araneae, spiders, checklist, Lithuania, faunistics INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Spiders (Araneae) form one of the largest groups of Arach­ The main material was collected using pitfall traps [6–10, nida class. 42 751 spider species are described worldwide. 14]. Since 1994 a uniform type of pitfall traps consisting They belong to 110 families and 3 859 genera. 4 809 spe­ of plastic jars (volume 300 ml, depth 10 cm, diameter cies are found in Europe [1, 2]. Despite of high diversity, 7 cm) filled with 100–120 ml of 4% formaldehyde solution abundance and importance in ecosystems spiders are one mixed with drops of detergent was used to collect the ma­ of the least studied groups of arthropods in Lithuania. The terial. A modified pitfall trap method was used and ana­ first summarizing list of Lithuanian spiders including 196 lysed in experimental study on distribution of spiders in species was published in 1992 [3]. A new extended and re­ Sphagnum [15]. A few specimens new to Lithuanian spi­ vised list containing 233 spider species followed in 1994 der fauna were collected by hand or an entomological net [4]. In 2000 51 spider species new to Lithuania belonging [5, 12]. All the published sources containing information to 12 families was described, this checklist included 328 about spiders found on the current territory of Lithuania spider species [5]. Since then quite a number of spider spe­ have been analysed [3–37]. All the publications listing cies have been mentioned as new for Lithuania in papers particular spider species are provided for each species. reporting results of the arachnological investigations in The taxonomy of spiders used in this list follows that of Lithuania [6–13]. The latest paper devoted exclusively to N. I. Platnick [1]. Genera and species are listed alphabeti­ new spider species in Lithuania was published in 2009 [12]. cally within each family. Species names that are synonyms The purpose of the present paper is to compile a checklist of and names that have been used in Lithuanian literature Lithuanian spider species. under different combinations are indicated with an equals sign (=). The scientific names used in original publica­ * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] tions are included for each species. The checklist of Lithuanian spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) 149 The collected material is kept in personal collections of FAMILY – ULOBORIDAE the authors, part of it is deposited in the museum of Vilnius University, Department of Zoology. Hyptiotes paradoxus C. L. Koch, 1834. [12]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FAMILY – THERIDIIDAE Currently 445 species of spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834). [5, 9, 14]. have been confirmed by the published data in Lithuania. A Cryptachaea riparia (Blackwall, 1834). [12]. great part of new spider species registered in Lithuania in Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757). [3–4; 14, 16, 20]; 1996–2011 come from investigations in peat bogs where [22–23] (as Theridium); pitfall traps were used as data collection method. Conse­ = redimitum Clerck, 1757. [24–26] (as Theridium). quently, some species inhabiting other layers of vegetation Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833). [14, 27]. or living in different habitats can still remain as unknown Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836). [5, 7]. for Lithuanian fauna. Direct comparisons of spider spe­ Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809. [14]. cies numbers in neighbouring countries are difficult due Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch, 1836). [5–6; 9, to different size of the territory and historical intensity of 14]. arachnological investigations. The current list of spider Keijia tincta (Walckenaer, 1802). [3–4; 14, 23–25; 29– species of Poland contains 819 species [38] while in much 30] (as Theridion). smaller and less arachnologically investigated Latvia 461 Lasaeola prona (Menge, 1868). [5, 9] (as Dipoena). spider species was registered [39–43]. The list of spider Lasaeola tristis (Hahn, 1833). [5, 12]. species in Estonia contains 525 species and most of them Lessertia dentichelis (Simon, 1884). [12]. have been collected using other methods than pitfall traps Neottiura bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767). [3–4; 14, 20, 23] [44–46]. In accordance with the described diversity of spi­ (as Theridium). der fauna in neighbouring regions and the current state Parasteatoda lunata (Clerck, 1757). [5, 16] (as Achaea- of arachnological investigations in Lithuania it can be as­ ranea). sumed that about 530–550 spider species can be found in Parasteatoda simulans (Thorell, 1875). [5] (as Achaea- Lithuanian fauna. ranea). Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851). [14, 27]. Robertus arundineti (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). [4, 6, 9]. THE CHECKLIST OF SPECIES Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836). [4, 6–7; 9–11; 14–16]. Order – ARACHNIDA Robertus lyrifer Holm, 1939. [9]. FAMILY – PHOLCIDAE Robertus neglectus (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). [5, 14]. Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914. [5, 14, 16, 20]. Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775). [5, 16]. Robertus ungulatus Vogelsanger, 1944. [5, 14]. Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836). [3–4; 23–25] (as FAMILY – SEGESTRIIDAE Theridion). Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778). [4, 6]. Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758). [3–4; 7, 17]. Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758). [3–4; 24] (as Asagena). FAMILY – DYSDERIDAE Steatoda castanea (Clerck, 1757). [3–4] (as Asagena); [24] (as Teutana). Harpactea rubicunda (C. L. Koch, 1838). [3–4; 16, 18]; Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838). [5]. [17] (as Harpactocrates). Steatoda phalerata (Panzer, 1801). [3–4; 26] (as Asa- gena). FAMILY – MIMETIDAE Theonoe minutissima (O. P.­Cambridge, 1879). [7, 9, 15]. Ero cambridgei Kulczynski, 1911. [20]. Phyloneta impressa L. Koch, 1881. [3–4; 16, 19, 23–26] Ero furcata (Villers, 1789). [3, 14, 16, 19]. (as Theridion). Phyloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757). [4, 14] (as Theri- FAMILY – ERESIDAE dion). = notatum Linnaeus, 1758. [3, 23–25] (as Theridion). Eresus cinnaberinus (O. P.­Cambridge, 1872). [12, 21]. Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870. [9]. 150 Marija Biteniekytė, Vygandas Rėlys Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802). [3–4; 19–20; Dismodicus elevatus (C. L. Koch, 1838). [3–4; 9, 23–25]. 24–26]. Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1833). [3–4; 14, 23]. Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872. [3–4; 23]. Drepanotylus uncatus (O. P.­Cambridge, 1873). [6, 27, Theridion varians Hahn, 1833. [3–4; 20, 22–25]. 31]. Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833. [3–4; 6, 10, 24, 31]. FAMILY – LINYPHIIDAE Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834). [3–4; 6, 10, 14, 24]. Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall, 1841). [14, 27]. Abacoproeces saltum (L. Koch, 1872). [11]. Erigonella ignobilis (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). [6, 14]. Agyneta cauta (O. P.­Cambridge, 1902). [7, 9, 11, 14– Erigone longipalpis (Sundevall, 1830). [3–4; 24]. 15; 31]. Floronia bucculenta (Clerck, 1757). [3–4; 7, 14, 24]. Agyneta conigera (O. P.­Cambridge, 1863). [11, 14–15]. Formiphantes lepthyphantiformis (Strand, 1907). [14] Agyneta decora (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). [7, 9, 15, 31]. (as Lepthyphanthes). Agyneta ramosa Jackson, 1912. [7]. Glyphesis cottonae (La Touche, 1945). [11]. Agyneta subtilis (O. P.­Cambridge, 1863). [7, 11, 14]. Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834). [4, 6]. Anguliphantes angulipalpis (Westring, 1851). [14, 27] Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall, 1841). [6, 27]. (as Lepthyphanthes). Gonatium rubens (Blackwall, 1833). [4, 7, 9, 11, 14– Aphileta misera (O. P.­Cambridge, 1882). [14, 31]. 15; 31]. Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall, 1841). [4, 6, 14]. Gongylidiellum latebricola (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). [4]. Bathyphantes approximatus (O. P.­Cambridge, 1871). Gongylidiellum murcidum Simon, 1884. [4, 9]. [6, 14]. Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758). [4]. Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall, 1841). [6, 9, 14, 31]. Helophora insignis (Blackwall, 1841). [4]. Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring, 1851). [14]. Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830). [4, 16]; [3, Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring, 1851). [6, 27]. 22–23] (as Erigonidium); [24–25] (as Erigone). Bathyphantes similis Kulcynski, 1894. [16]. Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834). [16]. Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833). [3–4; 14, 24]. Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833). [3–4; 22]. Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833). [3–4; 24]. Hypselistes jacksoni (O. P.­Cambridge, 1902). [14, 31]. Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall, 1833). [6–7; 10, 14]. Kaestneria dorsalis (Wider, 1834). [3–4; 16, 20, 24–25]. Centromerus arcanus (O. P.­Cambridge, 1873). [4, 7, 9, Kaestneria pullata (O. P.­Cambridge, 1863). [20]. 11, 14–15; 31]. Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865). [14]. Centromerus brevivulvatus Dahl, 1912 Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757). [3–4; 9, 14, 23– = aequalis