29 2015 olume V Vol. 29, 2015 ` 10 70 (U T), India (U T) [email protected] Dr Paramjit Singh Prof Promila Pathak Botanical Survey of India M.S.O. Building, 5th Floor, C.G.O. Complex, (U T) Salt City, Sector-1, Kolkata-700 064 [email protected] (West Bengal) [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dr 12, Aathira Pallan Lane, Trichur-680 005 (Kerala) [email protected] Dr Prem Lal Uniyal Dr I Usha Rao Equal Opportunity Cell, Arts Faculty, North Campus University of Delhi, Delhi-110 007 (U T) University of Delhi, Delhi - 110 007 (U T) [email protected] [email protected] Mr S S Datta Mr Udai C Pradhan H.No. 386/3/16, Shakti Kunj, Friends Colony Abhijit Villa, P.O. Box-6 Gurgoan (Haryana) Kalimpong-734 301 (West Bengal) [email protected] [email protected] Prof Suman Kumaria Dr A N Rao Department of Botany Orchid Research &Development Centre School of Life Sciences Hengbung, P.O.Kangpokpi - 795 129, NEHU, Shillong - 793 022 (Meghalaya) Senapati district (Manipur) [email protected] [email protected] Dr R P Medhi Dr S S Samant National Research Centre for Orchids (ICAR) G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Pakyong - 737 106 (Sikkim) Development, Himachal Unit Mohal, Kullu- 175 126 (H P) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Sarat Misra Dr Madhu Sharma HIG/C-89, Baramunda, Housing Board Colony, H No 686, Amravati Enclave, P.O. - Amravati Enclave, Bhubaneshwar - 751 003 (Odisha) Panchkula - 134 107 (Haryana) [email protected] [email protected] Dr Sharada M Potukuchi Dr Navdeep Shekhar Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Campus B-XII-36A, Old Harindra Nagar Sub-Post Office, Katra - 182 320 (J & K) Faridkot-151 203 (Punjab) [email protected] [email protected] CONTENTS THREATENED ORCHIDS OF MAHARASHTRA: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT BASED ON IUCN 1 REGIONAL GUIDELINES AND CONSERVATION PRIORITISATION Jeewan Singh Jalal and Paramjit Singh DIVERSITY, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSERVATION OF ORCHIDS IN NARGU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, 15 NORTH-WEST HIMALAYA Pankaj Sharma, S.S. Samant, L.M. Tewari, and Man Singh Rana WHAT DRIVES ORCHIDS TOWARD MYCO-HETEROTROPHY? 23 Julie Thakur, Akanksha Madan, Mayank D Dwivedi, and Prem L Uniyal VALUE ADDITION IN ORCHIDS 31 L C De and Promila Pathak ONTOGENY OF MICROSPORANGIUM AND DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE IN 39 PERISTYLUS SPIRALIS A. RICH. (ORCHIDACEAE) M R Gurudeva SEED MORPHOMETRY OF SOME INDIAN ORCHIDS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR INTER-RELATIONSHIPS 47 AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE J Ramudu and S M Khasim EVOLUTION AND CONTRIBUTION OF MADS-BOX GENES IN RELATION TO FLORAL DIVERSITY IN ORCHIDS 55 Akanksha Madan, Julie Thakur, and P L Uniyal REGENERATION OF EULOPHIA DABIA THROUGH RHIZOME EXPLANTS AND FLOWERING: A STUDY IN VITRO 61 Shaveta Chauhan, Promila Pathak, Anuprabha, and Sanjay Sharma FOLIAR ANATOMY IN SOME SPECIES OF BULBOPHYLLUM THOU. 67 Nengpilhing Angela, H Bishwajit Sharma, Krishna Chowlu, and A Nageswara Rao REVERSION OF REPRODUCTIVE PHASE TO VEGETATIVE PHASE IN THE INFLORESCENCE SEGMENTS OF 75 SACCOLABIUM PAPILLOSUM LINDL. - A STUDY IN VITRO Saranjeet Kaur and Promila Pathak GOODYERA BIFLORA (LINDL.) HOOK. F. (ORCHIDACEAE): A NEW RECORD FOR DARJEELING 81 HIMALAYA OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA Rajendra Yonzone and Samuel Rai IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF PAPHIOPEDILUM SPICERIANUM (REICHB. F.) PFITZ. 85 – A RARE AND ENDANGERED ORCHID SPECIES FROM NORTH EAST INDIA N J Borah, S Chakraborty, S Roy Choudhury, and B K Dutta EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND EXPLANTS ON PROPAGATION OF A MONOPODIAL AND 91 SYMPODIAL ORCHID: A STUDY IN VITRO D K Bhattacharjee and M M Hossain LESSER KNOWN ORCHIDS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH (NORTHWEST HIMALAYA): II - GENUS GALEARIS RAF. 103 AND PONERORCHIS RCHB. F. Jagdeep Verma, Jaspreet K Sembi, and Promila Pathak This issue of the journal has been partially financed by Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Ministry of Agriculture, New Delhi. All the articles included in this volume have been evaluated by the referees. However, the opinions expressed by the contributors are of their own and the editor does not bear any responsibility on this account. ENROLMENT PROFORMA (Specimen) I/ We desire to enrol myself/ our organization as member of The Orchid Society of India. I/We give below the necessary particulars. I/We shall abide by the constitution of the Society. 1. Name (in the block letters) Dr./Mr./Ms. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Date of Birth ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Professional details ______________________________________________________________________________________ (a) Highest degree ________________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Field of Specialization _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Present address to which all communications may be sent____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (Change of Address must be quickly intimated to the Secretary) 5. Category of membership : Life / Annual _____________________________________________________ 6. The subscription of _____________________________________________________ is being sent by M.O./ Postal Order/Draft/Cash in the name of Secretary, TOSI, Chandigarh [Admission Fee 100/-; Annual Membership 700/- (within India); US $ 50 for foreign countries exccept for $ 30 in SAARC region; Life Membership 5,000/- (within India); Corporate Membership 10,000/- (tenable for three years)]. 7. (a) Proposed by_______________________________________________________________________________________ (b) Seconded by _______________________________________________________________________ Date______________ Place_____________ Signature _____________________ For use in the office of THE ORCHID SOCIETY OF INDIA (TOSI) Date and particulars of Admitted subscription receipt S. No. of membership Date of enrolment Treasurer/Secretary President J. Orchid Soc. India, 29: 1-14, 2015 ISSN 0971-5371 THREATENED ORCHIDS OF MAHARASHTRA: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT BASED ON IUCN REGIONAL GUIDELINES AND CONSERVATION PRIORITISATION Jeewan Singh Jalal and Paramjit Singh1 Botanical Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, Pune- 411 001, Maharashtra, India 1Botanical Survey of India, Headquarters, CGO Complex, Kolkata – 700 064, India Abstract The Maharashtra state lies between the latitudes 22°1' to 16°4' N and longitudes 72°6' to 80°9' E. spreading in an area of 307,731 km2; it accounts for about 9.84 per cent of the total landmass of the country. Extensive field surveys of orchids were conducted during 2011-2014 in various parts of the state. A preliminary regional assessment was carried out using regional guidelines in accordance with the IUCN Red List criteria 3.1. A total of 101 orchid species were assessed of which 6 species are considered to be Possibly Extinct (PE), 7 species are categorised as Critically Endangered (CR), 7 species are Endangered (EN), 24 species as Vulnerable (VU), 25 species are considered Near Threatened (NT), 23 species are at Least Concern (LC) and 9 species are considered as Data Deficient (DD). In the present study thirty eight species of the orchids are reported as Threatened (CR, EN, VU). The main current threats are habitat degradation, mining and stone quarrying, over-grazing and trampling, windmills, invasive species, tourism, landslide, fire, over collection and drought. Three protected areas (Koyna WLS, Chandoli NP and Radhanagari WLS) are recommended for the in situ conservation. Introduction The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is recognised as the most comprehensive and objective global THE BIODIVERSITY across the planet is facing a rapid approach for evaluating the conservation status of decline due to various threat factors which include plant and animal species. It is a widely recognized tool habitat loss or degradation, over-exploitation, for identifying threatened species and offers a powerful biological invasions, industrialisation, pollution and method to identify priority sites for protection by accelerated climate change. As a result of these providing information on the conservation status of anthropogenic activities, the rate of plant extinction species in the wild (Rodrigues et al., 2006). The red has reached to 137 species per day (Moram et al., list data constitutes a source of information that is 2011). During the second half of the 20th century, essential to guide conservation efforts focussed on species extinction rates reached an almost species. It is probably the best tool for estimating the unprecedented level in Earth’s history (Frankham, current levels of biodiversity and trying to judge 2003). This rate is considered to be 1000–10,000 whether biodiversity levels increase or decrease in the times faster than the one it could naturally occur future. IUCN Red list categories and criteria 1994 and (Hilton-Taylor, 2000) and a trend which may result 2001 were planned for the assessment of extinction in the disappearance of between 60,000 and threat of the species at the global level. Over the last 1,00,000 plant species during the next 50 years decade, there has been growing interest in countries (Akeroyd, 2002; Bramwell, 2002). The Convention using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria at on Biological Diversity (CBD) in which