JOINT COOPERATION PROGRAMME Component B: Water resources management planning and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) tools Document B1.1 Final report Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma basin IWRM case study 27 September 2012 Project: 1201430.000 Client: Water Mondiaal Partners for Water Royal Netherlands Embassy in Jakarta Period: January 2011 – March 2013 JOINT COOPERATION PROJECT COMPONENT B: INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma Basin Case Study Report DRAFT September 27, 2012 Agnese Boccalon, Marnix van der Vat and Hatmoko Waluyo Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................5 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................8 1.1 Objectives and main activities ...................................................................................................8 1.2 Partners...................................................................................................................................10 1.3 Client and beneficiaries ...........................................................................................................10 2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION...........................................................................................12 2.1 The Einlanden-Digul-Bikuma river basin.................................................................................12 2.2 Institutions ..............................................................................................................................14 2.3 Regulations .............................................................................................................................15 2.4 Water resource planning and management in the EDB.............................................................16 3. ANALYTICAL APPROACH AND TOOLS.............................................................................17 3.1 Hydrological analysis..............................................................................................................17 3.2 Multi-criteria analysis..............................................................................................................19 4. GLOBAL DATASETS INPUT FOR HYDROLOGICAL ANALYSIS......................................20 4.1 Precipitation............................................................................................................................20 4.2 Evapo-transpiration.................................................................................................................21 4.3 Topography.............................................................................................................................21 4.4 Land use data ..........................................................................................................................22 4.5 Soil data..................................................................................................................................24 4.6 General overview on the EDB basin ........................................................................................25 5. HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL ANALYSIS ...........................................................................27 5.1 Catchment delineation.............................................................................................................27 5.2 Precipitation patterns...............................................................................................................29 5.3 Discharge patterns...................................................................................................................31 5.4 Frequency analysis ..................................................................................................................35 5.5 Water balance analysis and validation of model output ............................................................37 5.6 Sensitivity analysis..................................................................................................................39 6. WATER DEMAND..................................................................................................................42 6.1 Current water demand .............................................................................................................42 6.2 The MIFEE project and its water requirements ........................................................................43 6.2.1 Water requirements for paddy...........................................................................................46 6.2.2 Water requirements for oil palm .......................................................................................48 6.2.3 Water requirements for sugar cane....................................................................................50 7. WATER RESOURCES PLANNING ........................................................................................52 7.1 Principles of water resources planning.....................................................................................52 7.2 Multi-criteria analysis for the EDB catchment ..................................................................53 8. CONCLUSIONS and RECOMMANDATIONS........................................................................58 8.1 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................58 8.2 Recommendations...................................................................................................................58 9. REFERENCES .........................................................................................................................60 ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................................62 Annex 1: Identified soil and land cover parameters in the EDB basin ............................................62 Index of Figures Figure 1-1 Meeting with local district authorities in Merauke............................................................11 Figure 2-1 Location of the EDB river basin in Papua province ..........................................................12 Figure 2-2 Overview of the administrative units comprised in the EDB catchment area .....................13 Figure 2-3 Agro-climatic zones in the EDB catchment based on [Oldeman et al., 1980] ....................14 Figure 2-4 Overview of the institutional framework for water resources management in Indonesia....15 2 Figure 3-1 Overview of the analytical process for the hydrological analysis component of the EDB basin.................................................................................................................................................18 Figure 4-1 TRMM rainfall input dataset used for rainfall data preparation.........................................20 Figure 4-2 CSI-CGIAR input dataset used for the preparation of evapo-transpiration input maps.......21 Figure 4-3 SRTM map of Indonesia ..................................................................................................21 Figure 4-4 GlobCover land use input for the EDB catchment ............................................................22 Figure 4-5 FAO HSWD input for soil mapping in the EDB catchment ..............................................24 Figure 4-6 Elevation Map (left) and land cover map (right) for the EDB basin...................................25 Figure 4-7 Soil map of the EDB basin...............................................................................................26 Figure 4-8 Monthly evapo-transpiration (left) and daily precipitation (right) map for the EDB basin .26 Figure 5-1 Example of Local Drainage Direction map.......................................................................27 Figure 5-2 Results of the catchment delineation process with W-Flow...............................................28 Figure 5-3 Oldeman agro-climatic zones based on TRMM bias-corrected precipitation input ............29 Figure 5-4 Precipitation variability based on distance from the coast and elevation............................30 Figure 5-5 Distribution of annual rainfall between wet and dry season for the 16 EDB sub-catchments .........................................................................................................................................................30 Figure 5-6 Comparison of selected EDB sub-catchments hyetographs...............................................31 Figure 5-7 Location of the EDB catchments with larger annual discharge..........................................33 Figure 5-8 Annual average discharge patterns of the EDB sub-catchments ........................................33 Figure 5-9 Monthly discharge patterns of low-discharge rivers in the EDB........................................34 Figure 5-10 Dry season monthly discharge for small EDB sub-catchments........................................35 Figure 5-11 Comparison of cumulative dry season rainfall and discharge for selected EDB sub- catchments........................................................................................................................................35 Figure 5-12 The water cycle components 37 Figure 5-13 Comparison of rainfall-runoff relation as derived by Van der Weert (1994) and model results...............................................................................................................................................38